A comprehensive review of the literature on organizational training and development is undertaken in this report. Developments in learning, motivation, and attitude theory are discussed, with particular attention being paid to the theory and techniques of behavior modification and to General Systems Theory. Computer-assisted instruction and methods for training disadvantaged applicants are discussed. The literature of research and evaluation methodology is noted, along with its lack of innovation. Finally, empirical studies of training and development outcomes are reviewed; most of these studies are concentrated in three areas: laboratory education, programed instruction, and training the disadvantaged. Research in these three areas has borne fruit, but they are bright spots in an otherwise dismal picture. For example, although management development is a huge enterprise, we know next to nothing about its behavioral effects. The report concludes with a discussion of reasons why the state of the art is what it is and with recommendations for future research and practice. (Author/MF)