This pamphlet deals with the problem of discrimination in education and the implications for change that accompany this problem. The pamphlet documents court decisions that have established legal guidelines for desegregation and cites research that supports the basic premise that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. The role of the community power structure in the desegregation process is discussed. An overview of the characteristics of culturally deprived children and a resume of the typical social-psychological environment of many Negro children are included. Extending this picture is information about a specific school population drawn from a previous study of a predominantly Negro elementary school. The conclusion presents some guidelines for action to implement changes in schools on a broad and systematic basis. (MF)