A STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO ASSESS THE VARIABLES RELATED TO PUPIL MALADJUSTMENT AND TO DETERMINE WHETHER DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT WAS ACCORDED TO THE MALADJUSTED PUPILS ON THE BASIS OF THESE VARIABLES. THE POPULATION CONSISTED OF 2,866 PUPILS REFERRED TO WESTCHESTER COUNTY, NEW YORK, SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS. DATA WERE OBTAINED FROM QUESTIONNAIRES DISTRIBUTED TO EACH SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGIST AND FROM COUNTY CENSUS TRACTS. IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE SAMPLE OF PUPILS WOULD HAVE, AS COMPARED WITH THE TOTAL SCHOOL POPULATION, LOWER SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (SES), LOWER INTELLIGENCE, HIGHER RATIO OF BOYS TO GIRLS, LOWER ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL, AND HIGHER PROPORTION OF REFERRALS OF PUPILS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES. IT WAS ALSO HYPOTHESIZED THAT SUBPOPULATIONS WOULD BE CREATED ALONG THESE VARIABLES AS THE SAMPLE POPULATION MOVED FROM REFERRAL TO FINAL DISPOSITION. A NOTABLE FINDING OF THE STUDY WAS THAT SCHOOL DISORDER WAS MORE RELATED TO LOW IQ THAN TO LOW SES. MOREOVER, PUPILS WITH HIGHER IQ, SES, AND ACHIEVEMENT LEVELS FORMED A SUBPOPULATION CHARACTERIZED AS "EMOTIONALLY DISTURBED." THESE PUPILS RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES. PUPILS WITH LOWER IQ, SES, AND ACHIEVEMENT LEVELS WERE CHARACTERIZED AS "EDUCATIONALLY DISTURBED" AND RECEIVED ONLY EDUCATIONAL SERVICES. HYPOTHESES CONCERNING THE MALADJUSTED PUPILS' SEX AND LEVEL OF ACHIEVEMENT WERE SUPPORTED. THE AGE/GRADE LEVEL PREDICTION WAS PARTIALLY SUSTAINED. THIS DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE FROM TEACHERS COLLEGE PRESS, TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK, NEW YORK. (LB)