DURING THE EARLY 1960'S, THREE PRIMARY CHANGES OCCURRED IN THE UNITED STATES WHICH CALLED FOR A BASIC REORIENTATION IN ATTITUDES, POLICIES, AND PROGRAMS OF ACTION. INVOLVED WERE (1) AN ECONOMIC POLICY TO REDUCE UNEMPLOYMENT THROUGH ECONOMIC GROWTH (1964 REVENUE ACT), (2) AN ACTIVE MANPOWER POLICY TO PROVIDE A TRAINED LABOR SUPPLY (1965 MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING ACT (MDTA) AND OTHERS), AND (3) A CHALLANGE TO THE STANDING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WORK AND INCOME (RENEWED DISCUSSION OF THE NEGATIVE INCOME TAX). PARTS I AND II OF THIS BOOK PRESENT 10 PRINCIPLES OF THE EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROCESS, HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE PROGRAMS, AND THEIR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES. PART III IS A FIRST APPRAISAL OF THE PROGRESS SO FAR OF SPECIFIC PROGRAMS. MDTA INSTITUTIONAL AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PROGRAMS ARE EXAMINED IN TERMS OF NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS, THEIR AGE, SEX, COLOR, EDUCATIONAL LEVELS, LABOR FORCE STATUS, OCCUPATIONS TRAINED FOR, AND EMPLOYMENT AFTER TRAINING. SPECIAL PROGRAMS FOR MENTAL RETARDATES, PRISON INMATES, AND ARMED FORCES REJECTEES, AS WELL AS THE VISTA, JOB CORPS, AND HEADSTART PROJECTS, ARE REVIEWED. THIS BOOK WAS PUBLISHED BY THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2960 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10027, 277 PAGES. (AJ)