Language proficiency exams have been used since the development of bilingual education. The purpose of the following case study is to demonstrate how the English and Spanish proficiency exams given to a child for admission into a dual language (Spanish-English) program framed a child in a deficit view and missed the proficiency the child had…

In this article, our focus will be on two Hispanic Serving institutions (HSI's) located on the US/Mexico Border and their bilingual teacher preparation faculty because they enroll a significant population of bilingual Latinx preservice teachers. We specifically ask What policies, ­practices and ideologies does bilingual teacher faculty use to…

This state-of-the-art paper is centered on bilingual education teachers' linguistic qualifications with special reference to Spanish competencies needed to meet the needs of emergent bilingual education learners in the U.S. The paper spans over a forty-year period drawing on the experiences and related publications of the principal author…

Much has changed in the ten years since this book was first published. A celebrated triumph, it provided state, district, school, and teacher leaders with a comprehensive guide to support multilingual learners to reach their full potential. From selecting the appropriate program model to partnering with families and infusing federal and state laws…

This qualitative comparative case study explored the perceived levels of cultural proficiency of 3rd and 6th grade teachers and parents within dual language immersion schools compared to schools that have traditional monolingual settings to discern whether differences exist in these settings. Lindsey and Lindsey's (2016) Conceptual Framework for…

In this conceptual article, the authors introduce the Translanguaging Framework for Deaf Education (TFDE), drawing upon two perspectives on language and learning: crip linguistics and critical translanguaging space. The TFDE is a retheorization of the Language Zone, a pedagogical framework for supporting language learning in deaf education, and is…

This article argues for the extension of the three goals of two-way dual language education to move beyond bilingualism and biliteracy, academic achievement, and cross-cultural understanding for all students and include critical consciousness. After a short history of the colonial aspects of the history of bilingual education in the United States,…

New York City offers an example of the national trend to expand dual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs, yet only a small proportion of multilingual learners are enrolled in these programs in city schools. Our examination of new DLBE programs in three city schools builds on research about the "gentrification" of DLBE.…

Examining narratives from now-adults who attended a small English Medium of Instruction school in West Africa during the 2000s, this study investigates the connections forged between language, hopes, dreams, and the manifold opportunities and challenges that unfolded as a result of their EMI education. Guided by the principles of Ubuntu, a…

Bilingual subject instruction, designed to facilitate the acquisition of the Norwegian language, is a support class aimed at immigrant students in primary and lower secondary Norwegian schools. This study delves into the beliefs of two Polish-Norwegian bilingual teachers regarding multilingualism in this instructional context and the factors…

Purpose: There are well-established guidelines for the recording, transcription, and analysis of spontaneous oral language samples by researchers, educators, and speech pathologists. In contrast, there is presently no consensus regarding methods for the written documentation of sign language samples. The Handshape Analysis Recording Tool (HART) is…

The "IDRA Newsletter" serves as a vehicle for communication with educators, school board members, decision-makers, parents, and the general public concerning the educational needs of all children across the United States. The focus of this issue is "Actionable Knowledge." Contents include: (1) Our Vision, Policy Direction and…

Research syntheses that evaluate bilingual program effectiveness have grown exponentially since the 1980s. Contradictory to earlier anti-bilingual findings, these research syntheses, including statistical meta-analyses, have converged on findings supporting L1 teaching. This study examines the methodological soundness of eight statistical…

This article reports on analysis of "A Master Plan for Bilingual-Bicultural Education (MP)," created after the "Lau v. Nichols" Supreme Court ruling. Qualitative analyses reveal authors' intention to: 1) intertwine language and culture; 2) promote richly diverse multilingualism; and 3) systemically embed its implementation…

Bilingual Two-Way Immersion (TWI) programs are becoming increasingly popular in the United States, especially amongst white, non-Hispanic, middle-class English speaking-parents (Valdez et al. in Urban Rev 44:601-627, 2016). While they are growing in numbers and popularity, researchers caution against the challenges and inequalities that they face…