Reviews current knowledge on the encouragements and constraints affecting educational participation of older people. Reports the finding from a study of active older participants that content and sponsorship are the most important reasons for educational participation. (Author)

Examines the determinants of occupational and educational aspirations and expectations of adolescents. Dependent variables considered in the study included parents' occupational status and education, and students' grade level, sex, ethnicity, reading level, and knowledge of the work world. (Author/MW)

As subsystems within the stepfamily structure compete for limited resources, conflicts arise among subsystems and within subsystems among persons with membership in different subunits. Stepfamilies can become more unified through recognition of prior loyalties, negotiations to resolve conflicts, and techniques to redefine the boundaries between…

A meta-analysis of school-based substance abuse prevention studies revealed that the mean proportion of subjects retained dropped from 81.4 percent at the three-month followup to 67.5 percent at the three-year followup. Researchers should interpret their results in light of these normative data and adopt second-effort strategies to reduce…

Examined cohort replacement explanation of secular changes in parental socialization values, based on surveys of metropolitan area in 1958, 1971, and 1983 which revealed a significant change in parental values with greater preference for autonomy for children and less preference for obedience. Cohorts born since 1930 tended more to prefer autonomy…

Linkages between educational system and occupational structure were compared in 2 countries using data on matched male labor market cohorts. Despite substantial differences in educational systems and career mobility processes, societal openness (indicated by occupational status 10 and 20 years after first job) was similar. Contains 42 references.…

Effects of total extracurricular activity participation (TEAP) during the last 2 years of high school were examined using data for 4,000 students from the High School and Beyond Survey. Results support a commitment-to-school hypothesis in which identification with school and school values is enhanced by TEAP. (SLD)

Statistical methods for program evaluation with nonexperimental data are reviewed with emphasis on circumstances in which nonexperimental data are valid. Three solutions are proposed for problems of selection bias, and implications for evaluation design and data collection and analysis are discussed. (SLD)

Reports results of a study examining racism among young white adults using 12 racial policy questions. Evaluates cohort effects and events of the period in shaping racial attitudes. Discusses the effects of education and school desegregation on racial attitudes. Concludes that racial tolerance and liberalism are not decreasing. (DK)

Documents the longitudinal achievement growth of Chapter I students based on nationally representative data from the Prospects Study, which focuses on two- and three-year patterns of Chapter I participation for as many as 40,000 students in three grade cohorts. Overall, significant positive results generally were restricted to the more advantaged…

This paper conceptualises a basis for understanding learning in workplaces. This comprises a duality between how access to workplace activities and guidance is afforded, on the one hand, and how workers elect to engage with what is afforded to them, on the other. This reciprocal basis for thinking, acting and learning is referred to as…

A formative assessment task was developed to improve the scientific report writing skills of university students. Students undertaking this task typically possessed varying levels of scientific literacy and were drawn from a cohort of mixed abilities. The assessment task involved the construction of a scientific report that included feedback from…

For more than 50 years, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) has been conducting comparative studies of educational achievement in a number of curriculum areas, including mathematics and science. TIMSS 2011 represents the fifth cycle of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS),…

The purpose of the study was to explore the academic careers of students who took AP Exams and to compare their careers with those who did not take AP Exams. For most AP Exams, students with AP grades of 3 or better had higher grade averages in intermediate college courses than did non-AP students who first took an introductory course. Two…

Correlational analysis, classical test theory, confirmatory factor analysis, and multilevel Rasch modeling were used to refine a measure of adolescents' exposure to violence (ETV). Interpersonal violence could be distinguished from other potentially traumatic events; it was also possible to distinguish three routes of exposure (victimization,…