Dropping out of high school is a major concern for the nation. Dropping out of school, although it occurs at a specific moment, is the culmination of a number of factors, including problems from both home and school, and may begin before the at-risk student starts school. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of peer tutoring by…

This manual describes the benefits and procedures for implementing a developmental play program. It is intended to be used by both the leader--a counselor, teacher, or other professional--and students who have been trained in the peer facilitator skills. The manual does not include a detailed training program for peer facilitators, but the nature…

Computer instruction can offer particular benefits to the Indian child. Computer use emphasizes the visual facets of learning, teaches language based skills needed for higher education and careers, and provides types of instruction proven effective with Indian children, such as private self-testing and cooperative learning. The Hupa, Yurok, Karuk,…

This final report presents eight papers resulting from research conducted during the third and final year of the "Handicapped Children as Tutors" project, which investigated effects of involving handicapped students as tutors of disabled and non-disabled elementary and secondary school students. Results of all the research showed…

The study examined effects of training older siblings (ages 6-8) of six 1- to 3-year-old infants and toddlers with Down syndrome to employ social communication strategies in play sessions. Three secondary purposes included evaluating effects of intervention upon the communication skills of the Down syndrome children, effects of intervention on…

Based on the alternatives approach to drug abuse prevention, two service opportunity courses were offered to 8th and 9th grade students. Students in Cross-Age Tutoring were taught tutoring and communication skills and spent one period, 4 days per week tutoring elementary students. Students in School Store (a service opportunity developed for this…

The use of children to tutor other children in school is the central theme of this volume; secondary themes of the book are helping relationships in general, and cross-age interaction by children. The book is addressed primarily to professionals who have a scholarly interest in this area, but it can be of use to practitioners. The book brings…

This document describes three cross-grade tutoring projects developed, with the learning and motivation of the tutor in mind, as a means of strengthening the basic skills of secondary school students through a "learning by teaching" program. The "Learning-Tutoring Cycle" project involves the preparation of curriculum modules by secondary school…

Twenty-four college students served as tutors in an examination of the use of paralanguage and nonverbal behavior in presenting a lesson intended for an adult of the tutor's age and for a child. Each subject was tape recorded twice while reading verbatim a lesson from a grade school textbook. Before each taping, the subject was told that the…

Elementary students who have fallen behind their instructional group in reading can increase their rate of acquisition of reading skills through increased "time on task" (the time a learner actually spends attending to the learning task). In a six-month research project, subject students were pretested for reading ability, then grouped under three…

Five author contributed chapters explore the social environment of the schools as it relates to mainstreaming handicapped children. M. Reynolds discusses "The Changing Social Environment" in the first chapter. Emphasis is placed on the use of developmental scales in the organization of improved schools. "The Social Integration of Handicapped…

This publication describes over 100 activity-oriented programs in which students learn through a combination of direct experience and associated instruction or reflection. Students are involved in cross-age tutoring, community services, on-the-job work experiences, foreign or domestic travel with an organized group, political campaigns, field…

The major goal of the "Learning Tutors Offer Instructional Assistance" project was to effect positive academic, social, and attitudinal changes in the participant. The participants included high school tutors and elementary school tutees who met and worked together on a daily basis. The activities for the tutorial sessions were decided…

Open classroom systems frequently use peer tutoring techniques as a means of individualizing instruction. This study investigated the effects of three variables on tutor and tutee performance: (1) the achievement level of the tutor; (2) brief tutor training in reinforcement and corrective feedback procedures; and (3) tutor expectancy about tutee…

Historians, feeling the effects of acountability and the demands for relevance in education, are faced with the use of behavioral objectives. An attempt to capitalize on the behavioral objectives concept is presented in this description of a survey course in United States history (1492-1877) offered in one, three-hour weekly, evening meeting…