VISUAL TRAINING IS DEFINED AS THE FIELD OF OCULAR REEDUCATION AND REHABILITATION OF THE VARIOUS VISUAL SKILLS THAT ARE OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE TO SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT, AUTOMOBILE DRIVING, OUTDOOR SPORTS ACTIVITIES, AND OCCUPATIONAL PURSUITS. A HISTORY OF ORTHOPTICS, THE SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE ENTIRE FIELD OF OCULAR REEDUCATION, IS GIVEN. READING AS…

This annotated bibliography lists sources which attempt to define the boundaries of visual literacy and the possible relationship between the development of visual skills and verbal skills, particularly with regard to reading. The contents are divided into four sections: (1) references on nonverbal communication; (2) general reading on visual…

A study was undertaken to test the assumption that students will interact with illustrations in textbooks, workbooks, and programed units; and that this interaction will facilitate learning. Eight test groups were compared with a group that had only verbal symbols to learn from. These groups had, in addition to the verbal descriptions, the black…

This study was designed to discover whether a student learns to imitate the skills demonstrated in a motion picture more accurately when the supportive descriptive terminology is presented in an auditory (spoken) form or in a visual (captions) form. A six-minute color 16mm film was produced--"Determining the Test Weight per Bushel of Yellow Corn".…

Eye movement analysis should provide a basis for differentiation of humans in terms of developed preference for certain kinds of visual presentations over other kinds. A study was conducted to examine this position. A total of 40 children from grades 8 through 12 participated as subjects. Each subject was presented with a synchronous audio-visual…

Visual literacy, the integration of seeing with other cognitive processes, is an essential tool of learning. To explain the relationship between the perceiver and the perceived, three types of theories can be brought to bear: introverted; extroverted; and transactional. Franklin Fearing, George Herbert Mead, Martin Buber, and other theorists have…

The unique capabilities of film and research findings in educational psychology, learning psychology, and cost effectiveness indicate that film is an asset to the educational process. Sufficient resources and continued training should be provided to enable teachers to use the most effective film at the optimal time. (CMV)

Attempts to define how the amount of realistic detail in a visualization affects subjects' achievement. (KS)

This study sought to determine whether slides used as a part of a lecture course on the history of psychology were promoting the educational aims of the course or merely acting as an "affective relief." Results showed a significant correlation between an unannounced slide recognition test and performance on other course examinations. (JDH)

Maintains that an anthropological perspective offers exciting possibilities for developing intercultural understanding in the visual arts. Examines the problems encountered when applying this perspective to the visual art of radically different cultures. (JDH)

The paper suggests that art should be an essential experience of a gifted individual, since it encourages creative expression through visual language. The writer argues that the quality of a drawing depends on the material available to the child and the expectation of the adult supporting the activity. (Author/CL)

Advocates the use of the whole language method in writing instruction to emphasize communication rather than mechanical correctness in writing. Discusses the following whole language techniques: having children see themselves as authors, using predictable books, encouraging inventive spelling, and using and displaying student work. (DMM)

Visual imagery as a factor relating to spelling performance and retention was compared with auditory and kinesthetic factors among children in grades 4, 5, and 6. Results revealed that visual imagery was superior to auditory for both spelling and retention. (Author/MT)

Computers should not supplant other forms of basic instruction for learning disabled students. Overreliance on computers could lead to difficulties for students with poor visual skills and to inadequate practice for students with motor problems. (CL)

In this study, secondary school students in India, Scotland, and Africa were tested on learning and recall of material presented in words and/or pictures.