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Pickens, Jeffrey; Field, Tiffany – Developmental Psychology, 1993
Facial expressions were examined in 84 3-month-old infants of mothers classified as depressed, nondepressed, or low scoring on the Beck Depression Inventory. Infants of both depressed and low-scoring mothers showed significantly more sadness and anger expressions and fewer interest expressions than infants of nondepressed mothers. (Author/MDM)
Descriptors: Anger, Depression (Psychology), Facial Expressions, Infant Behavior

Spangler, Gottfried; Scheubeck, Roswitha – Child Development, 1993
Twice during the neonatal period, the behavioral organization of 42 newborns was assessed by the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), and the newborns' cortisol response to the NBAS procedure was determined. Newborns with low orientation showed a higher increase in cortisol during the NABS than newborns with high orientation. (MDM)
Descriptors: Biological Influences, Foreign Countries, Heart Rate, Infant Behavior

Baldwin, Dare A.; And Others – Child Development, 1993
Nine- to 16-month-old infants explored pairs of novel toys in 2 conditions: violated expectation, in which the first toy produced an interesting nonobvious property and the second toy did not; and interest control, in which neither toy produced the interesting property. Infants persistently attempted to reproduce the interesting property in the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Exploratory Behavior, Infant Behavior, Infants

Zelazo, Nancy A.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1993
The effects of practice on 2 elementary neuromotor patterns, stepping and sitting, were investigated in 32 6-week-old male infants. After 7 weeks, infants who received elicitation of the stepping pattern, alone or in combination with sitting exercises, stepped more than infants who received no exercise or sitting exercise only. (MDM)
Descriptors: Child Development, Drills (Practice), Infant Behavior, Infants

Dannemiller, James L. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1998
Four experiments examined exogenous orienting in 3.5-month-olds. Found that sensitivity to a small moving bar was lower when most of the red bars were in the visual field contra-lateral to this probe. The distribution of color within the visual field biased attention, making it either more or less likely that the infant detected a moving stimulus.…
Descriptors: Attention, Infant Behavior, Infants, Models

Kelmanson, Igor A. – Early Child Development and Care, 1999
Examined maternal reports to determine relationship between parent-infant bed sharing and 2- to 4-month-olds' behavior. Found that 85.8% of infants slept alone; the rest slept with either one or both parents. Solitary sleepers had more positive mood and were more persistent than cosleepers, even with potential confounders controlled. Infants…
Descriptors: Infant Behavior, Parent Attitudes, Parent Child Relationship, Personality

Masataka, Nobuo – Developmental Psychology, 1999
Used a modified visual-fixation-based auditory-preference procedure to test preferences for infant-directed singing versus adult-directed singing in 15 two-day-old hearing infants of deaf parents. Subjects heard a Japanese and an English play song. Found that infants prefer infant-directed singing over adult-directed singing and that the…
Descriptors: Auditory Perception, Comparative Analysis, Deafness, Infant Behavior
Texas Child Care, 2001
Presents suggested play activities for parents to do with infants from birth to 12 months that stimulate the infant's senses, encourage exploration, and satisfy security needs. Activities, games, and songs are described for birth to 2 months, 3 to 6 months, 6 to 9 months, and 10 to 12 months. (KB)
Descriptors: Child Development, Infant Behavior, Infants, Parent Child Relationship

White, Barbara Prudhomme; Gunnar, Megan R.; Larson, Mary C.; Donzella, Bonny; Barr, Ronald G. – Child Development, 2000
Examined behavioral/physiological responses of 2-month-olds during physical examinations. Found that colic infants cried twice as much, cried more intensely, and were more inconsolable than control infants. Heart rate, vagal tone, and cortisol measures showed no appreciable difference. At home, colic infants displayed a blunted rhythm in cortisol…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Crying, Heart Rate, Infant Behavior

Munakata, Yuko; Bauer, David; Stackhouse, Tracy; Landgraf, Laura; Huddleston, Jennifer – Cognition, 2002
Tested whether 7-month-olds' means-end behaviors were genuine or the repetition of trained behaviors under conditions of greater arousal. Found that infants' learned button-pushing to light a set of distant lights differed from button-pushing to retrieve toys. Infants demonstrated means-end skills with behaviors that they had not been trained to…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Habituation, Infant Behavior, Infants
Wang, S.h.; Baillargeon, R.; Paterson, S. – Cognition, 2005
Recent research on infants' responses to occlusion and containment events indicates that, although some violations of the continuity principle are detected at an early age e.g. Aguiar, A., & Baillargeon, R. (1999). 2.5-month-old infants' reasoning about when objects should and should not be occluded. Cognitive Psychology 39, 116-157; Hespos, S.…
Descriptors: Infant Behavior, Object Permanence, Cognitive Psychology, Child Development
Witherington, David C.; Campos, Joseph J.; Anderson, David I.; Lejeune, Laure; Seah, Eileen – Infancy, 2005
Work with infants on the "visual cliff" links avoidance of drop-offs to experience with self-produced locomotion. Adolph's (2002) research on infants' perception of slope and gap traversability suggests that learning to avoid falling down is highly specific to the postural context in which it occurs. Infants, for example, who have…
Descriptors: Infants, Physical Activities, Child Development, Infant Behavior
Dondi, Marco; Messinger, Daniel; Colle, Marta; Tabasso, Alessia; Simion, Francesca; Barba, Beatrice Dalla; Fogel, Alan – Infancy, 2007
To better understand the form and recognizability of neonatal smiling, 32 newborns (14 girls; M = 25.6 hr) were videorecorded in the behavioral states of alertness, drowsiness, active sleep, and quiet sleep. Baby Facial Action Coding System coding of both lip corner raising (simple or non-Duchenne) and lip corner raising with cheek raising…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Sleep, Neonates, Infant Behavior
Reznick, J. Steven; Baranek, Grace T.; Reavis, Shaye; Watson, Linda R.; Crais, Elizabeth R. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2007
A parent-report instrument, the First Year Inventory (FYI), was developed to assess behaviors in 12-month-old infants that suggest risk for an eventual diagnosis of autism. The target behaviors were identified from retrospective and prospective studies. FYIs were mailed to 5,941 families and 25% (N = 1,496) were returned, with higher return rates…
Descriptors: Infants, Educational Attainment, Identification, Autism
Honig, Alice Sterling; Miller, Susan A.; Church, Ellen Booth – Early Childhood Today, 2007
This article presents the causes of anger and frustrations of children at different ages. Honig discusses understanding children's anger from ages 0-2 and gives suggestions on how to cope with anger. Miller discusses how children ages 3-4 provoke to anger, and recommends ways to prevent it. Church discusses the cause of anger in 5- and 6-year old…
Descriptors: Psychological Patterns, Young Children, Stress Variables, Developmental Tasks