Conceptual Foundations are the theoretical, conceptual, philosophical, and historical aspects; perspectives from outside the field; trends, issues, and future directions; and social, political, and economic facets that underlie our field. This paper attempted to capture these foundational aspects, taking stock of accomplishments and suggesting…

The Act (Public Law 93-580) which created an American Indian Policy Review Commission is given. (NQ)

A TWO DAY RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON "LEARNING BY DISCOVERY" WAS HELD TO--(1) CLARIFY SOME OF THE ISSUES INVOLVED IN LEARNING BY DISCOVERY, (2) REVIEW WHAT IS KNOWN OF THE SUBJECT, AND (3) SUGGEST WAYS OF EXTENDING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT IT. THE 25 PARTICIPANTS WERE REPRESENTATIVES FROM MANY AREAS IN PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION. OBSERVERS FROM GOVERNMENT…

In this paper a recent critique of Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental approach to morality by Krutines and Greif is examined in detail. The critique is found to contribute some useful indications of needed study. However, a careful analysis of the literature on moral development shows the criticisms to be largely unfounded, in several cases…

Many arguments have been made against allowing examinees to review and change their answers after completing a computer adaptive test (CAT). These arguments include: (1) increased bias; (2) decreased precision; and (3) susceptibility of test-taking strategies. Results of simulations suggest that the strength of these arguments is reduced or…

Recent advances in technology have made it easy to provide students an outline or some form of notes prior to lectures and for later review. To test the efficacy of instructor-provided notes, 74 students studied lecture material under one of four conditions, in groups of 4 or 5 students. Some listened and took notes as their normal strategy.…

An attempt is made to manipulate depth of processing by inserting in text verbatim, paraphrase, or inference questions after every paragraph of the passage. Findings are discussed in terms of a "levels of processing" analysis. (Author/GK)

The use of games in retraining skills with basic multiplication facts was studied in elementary grades. The games were effective in retraining skills. Pretesting had no effect. (MP)

A means of quickly reviewing key ideas, facts, or concepts in a cooperative and motivating learning structure is presented. Appropriate for use with students who have mild disabilities, the review activity calls for the teacher to produce a list of 10 concepts to be reviewed and ask questions referring to each of the items on the list. (JDD)

Describes a game that was developed in lieu of the traditional end of the chapter review used to assess student knowledge of a subject. (ZWH)