Male and female undergraduate psychology students were administered the Adjective Check List, Bem Sex Role Inventory and Personal Attributes Questionnaire. The masculinity and femininity subscale scores for each of these three measures were correlated and subjected to a principal factor analysis with varimax rotation separately for males and…

Using data for 192 males and 462 females (432 whites, 97 African Americans 64 Hispanic Americans, and 61 Asian Americans) in Los Angeles County (California), this study confirmed that during adolescence, agency-related orientation predicts heightened self-esteem for males and communal orientation predicts heightened self-esteem for females at…

This article describes a group counseling model designed to help male clients explore how the male gender role is experienced. A gender-sensitive approach to group leadership allows a reconceptualization of many of the traditionally problematic behaviors in men, such as the lack of emotional expressiveness. (RJM)

A dialogue is presented, which highlights the meaning of success as a Black man. C. Lee's Black Manhood Training Model is discussed, which was developed as a group counseling experience in a school setting for 13- to 17-year-old Black boys to address the challenges of Black male development. (SLD)

Pastoral counseling can enable African-American men to adopt a different identity by presenting a model of holism that allows men to access both masculine and feminine sides of their identities, becoming whole persons who respond to the world from within rather than reacting to external pressures. (SLD)

The UN Millennium goals envision a more just and sustainable future. This article explains why there is a need to shift from domination model to a partnership model in meeting the UN Millennium goals. The domination model is a configuration based on top-down rankings of control, while the partnership model is a configuration that can support a…

In this article, we examine how prevailing and alternative conceptions of masculinity framed the ways in which 40 White, male, elementary preservice teachers constructed the meaning of teaching. The imperatives associated with maleness were recognizable through four metaphors frequently used to define teaching and themselves as teachers; to teach…

Perceptions of menstruating women were studied in a sample of 244, predominantly European American, college freshmen. Both women and men rated the menstruating woman, as compared with the average woman, as higher on the Neuroticism factor from Lippa's (1991) measure of the Big Five personality factors. Men also rated her as lower on the Openness,…

The educational discourse chronicling the experiences of African American educators continues to be limited, while the anthropological and sociological literature appears to be more inclusive. Educational literature in regards to African American educators since 1966 continues to focus on how African American educators maintain the status quo and…

This paper argues the importance of examining the collective dimension of masculinities in the early school years through a description of a study into children's (young males') peer group relations. Specifically, the paper attends to the significance of the peer group in shaping behaviour, and in particular exaggerated "masculine"…

In her book "The Remasculinization of America," Susan Jeffords discusses the dynamics of how differences such as race and class are erased in filmic and literary representations of the Vietnam War. She asserts that one difference is not overcome by the battlefield: gender, a barrier that is depicted in the literature as natural and…

This article examines the extent to which participation in high school interscholastic sports contributes to male violence. Deriving competing hypotheses from social control, social learning, and masculinity theories, I use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to test if (1) type of sport and (2) peer athletic…

Masculinity (M) and Femininity (F) were related to multiple dimensions of self-concept for responses from 962 high school students. Androgyny theory predicts that F, as well as M, will contribute positively and uniquely to self-concept, but previous research has typically found that the contribution of F is nil or even negative after controlling…

Research on hemispheric specialization indicates that the two hemispheres of the brain are specialized to perform different functions. A visual style of thinking is associated with the right hemisphere, while a verbal style is associated with the left hemisphere. The possibility of a relationship between psychological androgyny and sex role…

Many researchers have questioned the validity of the underlying assumptions, the psychometric properties, and conceptualizations for both the older and new measures that generate two independent scores for masculinity and femininity. The assumptions of bipolarity and unidimensionality and the construct validity of existing masculinity/femininity…