Twenty job coaches and 20 employers were surveyed and 43 individuals with mental retardation were interviewed, all in the same "transition community," about social integration and outcomes in employment settings. There was agreement with the conceptual framework of social integration, but significant differences on the outcome and…

As librarians use new computer equipment and related procedures, "ergonomics"--the least stressful orientation and use of the body in relation to the work it performs--becomes more important. Describes thirteen steps that employees can take to make their job experience more comfortable, safe, and efficient. (AEF)

Data from a National Longitudinal Survey of Youth subsample (aged 18-21 in the first survey year) indicate that criminal involvement is related positively to time out of the labor force and negatively to workers' expectations of job duration and to student status. Results suggest that the stability of good jobs or academic involvement inhibits…

Among approximately 1,000 students interviewed yearly, 9th-12th grade, formation of occupational values was unrelated to employment itself or hours of work. However, opportunity to learn useful skills at work was consistently related to increasingly stable intrinsic and extrinsic value dimensions. As with adults, the conditions of work are what…

A study of 508 Ohio principals found that administrators in the rural Appalachian region of Ohio perceived their jobs as harder than other educators, but were less likely to leave and were more focused on place than on professional issues. The administrator shortage, efforts to groom teachers for administration jobs, and a typical working day for…

Longitudinal data from a Dutch study of 708 older adults showed that persons with low educational attainment experienced more decline in information processing speed, memory, and cognitive function. About 42% of the variance was explained by low stimulus or challenge in work. Decline was independent of crystallized intelligence. (Contains 24…

Business undergraduates' (n=116) ratings of job attributes were overall less favorable for small/medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) than multinational corporations. SME employers' (n=30) perceptions of the attractiveness of these attributes were very different. Comparison of recruitment packages indicated that job security and long-term career…

Used a quasi-experimental design to assess the effect of a quality circle intervention on behavior and attitudes of 88 employees at a large Midwestern organization. Results provide mixed support for the purported ability of circles to improve work behavior with no change for absenteeism and productivity but positive change for quality of work.…

To address the sources of stress in academic life requires an understanding of the multiple worlds within which faculty work and which create the complex tapestry of their lives. The use of short-term and long-term strategies can help faculty gain more control over the elements in their lives. (MLW)

Describes long- and short-term changes in women's employment. Introduces a set of "Psychology in the Public Forum" articles that address the consequences of these changes for women's health and for their families, and delineate the government's responses. Discusses the mission of the Network on the Determinants and Consequences of Health-Promoting…

Tested generalizability of career commitment measure and its impact on employee turnover using longitudinally tracked sample of bank tellers (N=133). Found career commitment could be reliably operationalized and was distinct from job involvement and organizational commitment. Discusses findings in terms of identifying threshold level for…

Eighty-eight employees were asked about management motivation for 37 activities and the degree to which they are committed to their organizations. Subjects' organizational commitment is positively related to the perception that these activities are motivated by a desire to (1) show respect for the individual and (2) attract/retain employees.…

Four college advancement professionals who have been at their present institutions for many years describe their strategies for professional renewal. These include creating variety on the job, using out-of-town trips for a change of pace, and using normal changes in the job over time to keep the work interesting. (MSE)

Twelve deaf-mediating individuals (individuals with deafness who act as a link between the deaf community and the hearing society) were interviewed concerning cooperation and social relations with their hearing work colleagues, leisure time activities, and important factors in the enhancement of well-being in working life. (JDD)

Academic libraries, pursuing excellence in their products and services, are a natural entity for total quality management (TQM). Basic TQM principles include making decisions based on objective data, respecting people and their ideas, empowering all library staff, focusing on the process, and doing the job correctly the first time, all to benefit…