Two years of disruptions to schooling, coupled with recession and other pandemic-induced effects, appear to have widened preK-12 educational inequality. In particular, low-income students of color fell further behind their higher income White peers than they were pre-pandemic, on average, with the largest declines in math achievement. High-dosage tutoring and vacation academy programs can reduce this educational inequality by providing individualized instructional support to those students hardest hit by COVID-19 and by contributing to students' overall social and emotional well-being. However, program design and targeting matters for maximizing positive impact and avoiding unintended consequences. State leaders, including state boards, have a special role to play in the success of efforts to provide individualized support for the students who need it most.