The purpose of this study was to extend previous research by observing how two types of teachers, novice and experienced, find and solve problems in a classroom setting and how problem finding behavior differs between them. The results indicate that experienced teachers (N=10) and student teachers (N=10) appear to use the same cognitive strategies…

This report summarizes the activities of a two-year project to develop curriculum materials to encourage and enable students in grades K through 5 to learn critical television viewing skills, and to use these skills to become evaluative consumers of television. A review of the project provides background information; describes the specific…

The document discusses miscalculations by public officials, arms control experts, journalists, and the general public regarding the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks; assesses the Salt II treaty; and suggests criteria for appraising Salt II. The objective is to stimulate research, education, dialogue, and political action which will contribute to a…

In an age when decision making is becoming more and more significant for us human beings as we face dilemmas about whether or not to clone, to engineer behavior on mass scale, to expand or to decrease nuclear power, we educators must assist students to increase their decision-making skills. Many of our students will soon be decision makers for…

Concern is expressed here with college reading programs and with improvements needed to enable them to keep pace with the effects of rapid progress in the communications field on reading habits. Reading, especially critical reading, will be more necessary than ever in interpreting and evaluating all the ideas being gained or received from the…

This paper points to the demands which our "new society" is making upon guidance and counseling programs; demands which must be met as counselors become agents of change and the profession turns from exclusive concern with intra and interpersonal matters to exteriorceptive concerns. The author gives a brief historical outline of the emerging…

Compares the affective reactions of nonretarded second- and third-grade children to those of mildly retarded children to a videotape in which a protagonist's initial behavior (good, bad) was factorially varied with the emotion he experienced in the concluding incident (happy, sad). (HOD)

A descriptive model of how people make judgments under ambiguity is proposed. Two factors are reflected in the model: (1) the amount of ambiguity, which affects the size of the simulation, and (2) one's attitudes toward ambiguity. The model is tested in four experiments using individual and group analyses. (Author/LMO)

Michigan is designing a new accountability system that combines high standards and statewide testing within a school accreditation framework. Sound assessment techniques are critical if the accountability system is to provide relevant information to schools and policymakers. One important component of a sound assessment system is measurement of…

Reports on experiment that tested college students' evaluation of geographic and racial information in determining the blame in a scenario describing a bar fight. Results indicated that white northern and southern samples of students tended to rate a geographically similar yet racially different actor more favorably. (MJP)

Describes an agency's implementation of problem-solving consultation. Case examples are used to illustrate various components and efforts made to evaluate perceptions of problem solving consultation. Strategies to guide further implementation of consultation at the systems level are summarized. Discusses areas in which additional resources would…

Explores the peer review process in electronic and print science education journals and addresses how to submit manuscripts, criteria for reviews, and reviewer qualifications. (DDR)

Demonstrates how role-playing in a mock trial situation allows children to view critically both sides of an issue and introduce them to trial procedure. Offers pre-trial activities, ways to teach students to see both sides of a situation, themes for mock trials, and supporting resources. (GG)

The use of base rate information by professionals (n=161) and undergraduates (n=97) in deciding probability of sexual abuse was studied. While professionals better prioritized the evidence of abuse in hypothetical cases based on sexual behaviors, both groups misestimated the probability of abuse for a child from a population with a known base rate…

In comparisons of intake judgments, counselors viewed clients as being more anxious, less likely to change, less motivated to solve their problems, and less likely to be satisfied with counseling than did the clients themselves. Clients judged their personal and vocational problems to be more severe than did the counselors. (Author/RJM)