Greatly expanded programs of financial aid based on need have made it possible for large numbers of low income students to attend college. Since test scores have high correlation with family income, one might wonder whether or not the increase in low income students taking the Scholastic Aptitude Test has caused the decline in mean scores, which…

The estimated fiscal impact of four federal cost reduction options for the Guaranteed Student Loan (GSL) Program was studied. Income and other financial strength data on current New York State recipients of guaranteed loans during the 1981-82 academic year were collected in order to assess the impact of the cost reduction proposals. Two major…

The research methodology of a study to assess 1980-1981 award accuracy of the Basic Educational Opportunity Grants (BEOG), or Pell grants, is described. The study is the first stage of a three-stage quality control project. During the spring of 1981 a nationally representative sample of 305 public, private, and proprietary institutions was…

Compiled to give readers information on current research in household production, this special issue focuses on the family as a provider of goods and services. It includes five feature articles, a summary of a survey of American farm women, and a brief analysis of sources of time-use data for estimating the value of household production. Covered…

A study based on supplementary questions in the October 1978 Current Population Survey revealed an improved job situation among U.S. youths both in and out of school, but it showed dropouts and those from low-income families at a distinct disadvantage. Overall, the number of employed youths (age 16-24) increased by 1.1 million from October 1977 to…

The equity of student financial aid as it is distributed among full-time, dependent freshmen students of different parental incomes and at various types of institutions is examined. The first part of this paper clarifies concepts and definitions surrounding student financial aid. Calculation of the ability to pay, the financial standard of…

Statistical data and summary analyses on the Basic Educational Opportunity Grant (BEOG) Program for the 1977-78 award year are presented in this annual report intended as a status guide or desktop reference manual. For the first time the report contains information based on merged applicant/recipient data. The tables provide summary statistics for…

A study was undertaken to assess the impact of existing state policies toward private higher education on enrollments, finances, autonomy, academic freedom, and other conditions of private institutions. The study included a survey of the presidents and their staffs of 230 institutions, site visits to 28 colleges and universities in five states,…

Presented are the records of 1976 seniors in the United States and who registered for the College Boards before April of their senior year. Statistical data presented includes information on: (1) type of high school; (2) ethnic background; (3) high school record; (4) test scores; (5) college plans; (6) activities; (7) skills and abilities; and (8)…

This Kids Count fact book examines statewide trends in well-being for South Dakota's children. The statistical portrait is based on 25 indicators in the areas of demographics, health, education, economic status, and safety. The indicators are: (1) population; (2) family profile; (3) poverty thresholds; (4) infant mortality rate; (5) low birth…

This Kids Count report examines statewide trends in the well-being of North Carolina's children. The statistical portrait is based on 16 indicators of well-being: (1) infant mortality rate; (2) infants born with low birth weight; (3) births to single teens; (4) children without insurance; (5) ninth graders who graduate; (6) high school dropout…

Using network data from 40 groups, we examine the effect of social context on the gendering of power relations. By modeling reported data on power relations as the result of a stochastic response process that may be gendered, we examine how this gendering is related to group-level contextual factors. We find that much of what appears to be a…

Collective teacher efficacy refers to teacher perceptions that they constitute an effective instructional team, capable of bringing about learning in students. Previous research demonstrates that a school staff with a strong sense of collective efficacy is likely to generate high student achievement. This study of 2,170 teachers in 141 elementary…

As welfare-to-work reforms increase women's labor market attachment, the lives of their young children are likely to change. This note draws on a random-assignment experiment in Connecticut to ask whether mothers' rising employment levels and program participation are associated with changes in young children's early learning and cognitive growth.…

Numerous sources of data about family incomes, taxes, wages, unemployment, wealth, and poverty were used to analyze the impact of the economy on living standards in the United States in 1994-1995. It was discovered that most individuals in the United States are worse off in the 1990s than they were at the end of the 1970s. Between 1979 and 1989,…