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Dickinson, Paul; Eade, Frank – For the Learning of Mathematics, 2004
The curriculum for eleven-year old students in the United Kingdom, currently adopted by most schools, includes solving linear equations with the unknown on one side only before moving onto those with the unknown on both sides in later years. School textbooks struggle with the balance between developing algebraic understanding and training…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Teaching Methods, Mathematics Instruction, Problem Solving
Slater, Michael D. – 1989
Communication researchers should ask more explicit questions concerning the processes by which mediated messages can create, modify, or reinforce beliefs about social actors and social environments. There are four general categories into which to divide variables concerning processing strategies for mediated social information: source…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Communication Research, Familiarity, Information Sources
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Bogotch, Ira E.; And Others – Urban Education, 1995
Offers sociometric analysis of the central office staff of an urban school district with respect to their knowledge of and attitudes toward school-based innovations. Results show personnel had no clear understanding of what innovation is or of the complexity inherent in implementation processes. Lack of leadership, overreliance on external…
Descriptors: Administrator Attitudes, Educational Administration, Educational Innovation, Elementary Secondary Education
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Farrar, Michael Jeffrey; And Others – Child Development, 1992
In one experiment, second and fourth graders used more categorical information when they made inferences than did preschoolers. In two other experiments, second graders, but not preschoolers, distinguished between categorical information and appearance when they made inferences about known concepts and familiar properties. (BC)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Classification, Cognitive Development, Elementary Education
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Sadoski, Mark; And Others – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1993
The comprehensibility, interestingness, familiarity, and memorability of concrete and abstract instructional texts were studied in 4 experiments involving 221 college students. Results indicate that concreteness (ease of imagery) is the variable overwhelmingly most related to comprehensibility and recall. Dual coding theory and schema theory are…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Content Analysis, Encoding (Psychology), Familiarity
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Toh, Kok-Aun – Educational Research, 1993
Comparison of performance in 3 practical problem-solving tasks by eighth graders in Singapore (170 boys, 107 girls matched for aptitude, attitude, and prior knowledge) indicated that girls distinctly preferred content familiarity and outperformed boys in several processes/skills when familiar with content. (SK)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Familiarity, Foreign Countries, Grade 8
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Aureli, Tiziana; De Tommasi, Emilia – Early Child Development and Care, 1999
Observed 12-month olds, with their mothers and independently, acting on objects from home and objects brought by the experimenter as new exemplars of previous toys. Found that conventional actions were more frequent in joint than in independent activity. In independent activity, conventional actions were more frequent with customary than with…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Comparative Analysis, Exploratory Behavior, Familiarity
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McKague, Meredith; Pratt, Chris; Johnston, Michael B. – Cognition, 2001
Two experiments tested predictions of dual-route-cascaded and triangle frameworks regarding effect among first-graders of having a word in oral vocabulary prior to reading that same word. Results suggest that word-specific phonological information is represented in the reading system independently of semantic or articulatory influences. Results…
Descriptors: Children, Elementary School Students, Familiarity, Models
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Joshi, R. Malatesha; Aaron, P. G. – Journal of Research in Reading, 2002
Establishes a suitable composite index which combines speed and accuracy in the measurement of decoding skill. Examines whether speed acts as a confounding factor in the measurement of decoding ability. Sees whether familiarity with the word acts as a confounding factor in the assessment of spelling skills. Indicates that including word-naming…
Descriptors: Decoding (Reading), Elementary Education, Familiarity, Grade 2
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Courage, Mary L.; Howe, Mark L. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2001
Examined effect of familiarization on 3.5-month-olds' retention of visual stimuli with varying delay times. Found support for retention models in which direction of attentional preferences (novel, familiar, or null) depends on memory accessibility. Short lookers showed better retention over time than long lookers, indicating that much of the…
Descriptors: Attention, Familiarity, Individual Differences, Infant Behavior
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Sangrigoli, Sandy; De Schonen, Scania – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2004
Background: People are better at recognizing faces of their own race than faces of another race. Such race specificity may be due to differential expertise in the two races. Method: In order to find out whether this other-race effect develops as early as face-recognition skills or whether it is a long-term effect of acquired expertise, we tested…
Descriptors: Recognition (Psychology), Race, Infants, Cognitive Ability
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Swingley, Daniel – Developmental Science, 2005
During the first year of life, infants' perception of speech becomes tuned to the phonology of the native language, as revealed in laboratory discrimination and categorization tasks using syllable stimuli. However, the implications of these results for the development of the early vocabulary remain controversial, with some results suggesting that…
Descriptors: Phonology, Infants, Language Acquisition, Vocabulary Development
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Mayr, Susanne; Niedeggen, Michael; Buchner, Axel; Pietrowsky, Reinhard – Cognition, 2003
Negative priming refers to slowed down reactions when the distractor on one trial becomes the target on the next. Following two popular accounts, the effect might be due either to inhibitory processes associated with the frontal cortex, or to an ambiguity in the retrieval of episodic information. We used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Cognitive Processes, Cues, Reaction Time
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Carlisle, Joanne F.; Katz, Lauren A. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2006
The purpose of this study is to examine factors that influence students' reading of derived words. Recent research suggests that the lexical quality of a derived word depends on the familiarity of the word, its morphemic constituents (i.e., base word and affixes), and the frequency with which the base word appears in other words (i.e., members of…
Descriptors: Word Recognition, Word Frequency, Morphemes, Familiarity
MacLean, George Edward – Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1917
This study represents an endeavor to point out facts and tendencies in higher education in Ireland and Wales by which American universities and colleges may profit. It complements similar studies in England and Scotland (see ED540852), and presupposes familiarity with the principal features and terminology of these studies. The compiler of this…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Higher Education, Familiarity, Technical Education
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