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Ensor, Tyler M.; Surprenant, Aimée M.; Neath, Ian; Hockley, William E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
In recognition, context effects often manifest as higher hit and false-alarm rates to probes tested in an old context compared with probes tested in a new context; sometimes, this concordant effect is accompanied by a discrimination advantage. According to the cue-overload account of context effects (Rutherford, 2004), context acts like any other…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Cues, Memory, Recognition (Psychology)
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Morid, Mahsa; Sabourin, Laura – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2023
In this study, we asked how the emotional status, i.e., valence and arousal, and concreteness of idioms contribute to their processing. Additionally, we asked whether the contribution of emotional factors and concreteness is modulated by other linguistic constraints, specifically idiom familiarity and decomposability, that has been shown to impact…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Psychological Patterns, Language Patterns, Familiarity
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Zhang, Bixi; Deng, Zhijun; Zhang, Heyi; Chen, Yinghe – Infant and Child Development, 2022
This study investigated whether familiarity and expertise of a dissenter would lessen the trust of a three-person majority among preschoolers in a Chinese sample. The results indicated that preschoolers preferred to trust a majority rather than a stranger dissenter. However, when familiarity and expertise of the dissenter were manipulated in the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Familiarity, Trust (Psychology), Preschool Children
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Buethe, John – Educational Theory, 2022
We turn to experience when confronted by a problem, or so John Dewey's oeuvre suggests. Yet, what use is experience when the problem falls outside the boundaries of the known? Drawing upon a range of thinkers -- from Alain Badiou to Elaine Scarry to Maggie Nelson -- John Buethe takes Dewey's familiar thesis one step further to interrogate…
Descriptors: Experience, Familiarity, Experiential Learning, Educational Philosophy
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Brainerd, Charles J.; Bialer, Daniel M.; Chang, Minyu – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
The conjoint-recognition model (CRM) implements fuzzy-trace theory's opponent process conception of false memory. Within the family of measurement models that separate the memory effects of recollection and familiarity, CRM is the only one that accomplishes this for false as well as true memory. We assembled a corpus of 537 sets of…
Descriptors: Memory, Accuracy, Recognition (Psychology), Familiarity
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Neath, Ian; Hockley, William E.; Ensor, Tyler M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
The mirror effect is the finding that in recognition tests, a manipulation that increases the hit rate also decreases the false alarm rate. For example, low frequency words have a higher hit rate and a lower false alarm rate than high frequency words. Because the mirror effect is held to be a regularity of memory, it has had a pronounced influence…
Descriptors: Recognition (Psychology), Cognitive Tests, Word Frequency, Word Recognition
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González-Espada, Wilson J.; Gallenstein, Kathryn; Collins, Katelyn – Physics Teacher, 2022
The use of analogies is a well-known teaching strategy to bridge unfamiliar and familiar concepts. However, analogies may become ineffective if the familiar concept is not familiar anymore. For example, this may occur when we describe rotational sense as clockwise and counterclockwise, assuming students know how to read a clock with hour and…
Descriptors: Students, Logical Thinking, Learning Strategies, Concept Formation
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McCauley, Stewart M.; Bannard, Colin; Theakston, Anna; Davis, Michelle; Cameron-Faulkner, Thea; Ambridge, Ben – Developmental Science, 2021
Psycholinguistic research over the past decade has suggested that children's linguistic knowledge includes dedicated representations for frequently-encountered multiword sequences. Important evidence for this comes from studies of children's production: it has been repeatedly demonstrated that children's rate of speech errors is greater for word…
Descriptors: Children, Speech, Familiarity, Language Processing
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Babineau, Mireille; de Carvalho, Alex; Trueswell, John; Christophe, Anne – Developmental Science, 2021
Young children can exploit the syntactic context of a novel word to narrow down its probable meaning. But how do they learn which contexts are linked to which semantic features in the first place? We investigate if 3- to 4-year-old children (n = 60) can learn about a syntactic context from tracking its use with only a few familiar words. After…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Language Processing, Semantics, Syntax
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Felix Hao Wang; Meili Luo; Nan Li – Developmental Science, 2024
In word learning, learners need to identify the referent of words by leveraging the fact that the same word may co-occur with different sets of objects. This raises the question, what do children remember from "in the moment" that they can use for cross-situational learning? Furthermore, do children represent pictures of familiar animals…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Vocabulary Development, Memory, Language Acquisition
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Hannes M. Körner; Franz Faul; Antje Nuthmann – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Observers' memory for a person's appearance can be compromised by the presence of a weapon, a phenomenon known as the weapon-focus effect (WFE). According to the unusual-item hypothesis, attention shifts from the perpetrator to the weapon because a weapon is an unusual object in many contexts. To test this assumption, we monitored participants'…
Descriptors: Weapons, Eye Movements, Observation, Familiarity
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Baylee A. Edwards; Jude Kolodisner; Jacob P. Youngblood; Katelyn M. Cooper; Sara E. Brownell – Advances in Physiology Education, 2024
The impersonal nature of high-enrollment science courses makes it difficult to build student-instructor relationships, which can negatively impact student learning and engagement, especially for members of marginalized groups. In this study, we explored whether an instructor collecting and sharing aggregated student demographics could positively…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Data Collection, Surveys, Demography
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Wakayo Mattingley; Forrest Panther; Simon Todd; Jeanette King; Jennifer Hay; Peter J. Keegan – Language Learning, 2024
Previous studies report that exposure to the Maori language on a regular basis allows New Zealand adults who cannot speak Maori to build a proto-lexicon of Maori -- an implicit memory of word forms without detailed knowledge of meaning. How might this knowledge feed into explicit language learning? Is it possible to "awaken" the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Phonology, Second Language Learning, Malayo Polynesian Languages
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Kondyli, Vasiliki; Bhatt, Mehul; Levin, Daniel; Suchan, Jakob – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
How do the limits of high-level visual processing affect human performance in naturalistic, dynamic settings of (multimodal) interaction where observers can draw on experience to strategically adapt attention to familiar forms of complexity? In this backdrop, we investigate change detection in a driving context to study attentional allocation…
Descriptors: Motor Vehicles, Visual Perception, Attention, Spatial Ability
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Harmon, Zara; Barak, Libby; Shafto, Patrick; Edwards, Jan; Feldman, Naomi H. – Developmental Science, 2023
Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) regularly use the bare form of verbs (e.g., dance) instead of inflected forms (e.g., danced). We propose an account of this behavior in which processing difficulties of children with DLD disproportionally affect processing novel inflected verbs in their input. Limited experience with inflection…
Descriptors: Developmental Disabilities, Language Impairments, Children, Language Processing
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