Gloss, or marginal notations in a text, and other similar techniques can be used by reading specialists both as they attempt to develop meaningful content area reading programs and as they review what is already known before attempting to learn new information. For example, several social studies teachers began their gloss activities by…

This study was designed to examine Chicano and Anglo children's performance on several measures of field dependence/independence (FDI), including the Portable Rod and Frame Test (PRFT), the Children's Embedded Figures Test (CEFT), the Human Figure Drawing Task (HFDT), and the Block Design Test. Also examined was the relationship between FDI…

A study was conducted to determine whether explicit instructions could be as effective as paraphrased adjunct questions in enhancing subjects' reading comprehension. Eighty-six United States Navy enlisted men were assigned to one of four groups and given a lengthy passage from the "Naval Orientation Manual" to read. Following the…

The effects of two types of advance organizer small group instruction, expository (EO) and guided self-discovery (GSDO) were assessed in teaching the concrete operational skills of either hierarchical classification or relations to preschool children. A control group was taught using the same materials, in a manner determined by the children's…

This paper describes the composition of one particular kind of study guide called a pattern guide that can be used by content area teachers to aid their students in reading and understanding their textbooks. The purpose of the guide is stated as highlighting the reading and thinking skills to be used as well as the most important concepts to be…

This monograph is the second in a series of semiannual reports that focus on research related to reading in secondary schools. The first section contains two literature reviews dealing with study habits and study skills related to reading. The second section offers two reviews related to prereading anticipation activities, including the advance…

To test the effects of prequestions and postquestions on word recognition and comprehension, two studies were conducted involving two groups of first through fifth grade students. An informal reading inventory using passages from Harper and Row's "Basic Reading Program" was administered and the results on the lowest instructional and frustrational…

This study concerns determining whether three types of advance organizers (visual, audio, or written) had any effect upon learning a biological concept as measured by a constructed achievement test and whether advance organizers are more effective across learner variables of I.Q., abstract reasoning and sex. One hundred twenty randomly selected…

A doctoral dissertation study was made to investigate the effects of context and size of step to meaningful learning and retention in a linear instructional program, developed in accordance with the RULEG system, for 5th grade pupils. Among the variables explored were: (1) the mean number of acquisition errors; (2) the mean time required to…

This study investigated the effects of advance organizers on selected cognitive styles and structures within a programmed task of grammatical usage. More specifically, the immediate effects of advance organizers were assessed as they related to subjects' field dependency or independency and high or low levels of prior knowledge of general grammar…

Research related to the use of advanced organizers is reviewed. Four hypotheses are generated including the notion that advanced organizers may be most effective when structural integration is a problem. (SD)

The effectiveness of four types of advanced organizers for a lesson on motion geometry was analyzed. The types of organizers were: (1) single application, (2) several applications, (3) single concrete model, (4) several concrete models. Results showed that advanced organizers can be effective under some conditions. (SD)

Describes an adapted form of the "Directed Reading Thinking Activity" which guides students through reading assignments with content materials containing an abundance of factual information and details that need to be remembered. (RL)

The keyword method helped elementary school children learn Spanish vocabulary, especially when they were provided with relevant visual images. The Spanish word was associated with an English keyword sounding like the foreign word, and the picture illustrated some interaction between the keyword and the English translation. (GDC)

Behavioral objectives should be regarded as one of several tools available to educators. Research should be directed toward determining their advantages and limitations, as well as the conditions under which they can be used more effectively. Conditions vary depending upon student awareness of and interest in stated objectives; clarity,…