The facial expressions of twenty-eight 13-month-old middle-class children were videotaped during the 3-minute separation episode of the Ainsworth strange-situation procedure. Anger was the dominant negative emotion expressed by the majority of children; patterns of emotion expression varied with type of attachment; and the proportion of time anger…

Examined whether an infant's reaction to a stranger would be indirectly influenced by the infant observing a stranger-third party interaction. Subjects were 45 15-month-old infants. Results suggest indirect effects influence social interactions and show that significant others can play an important role in mediating these effects. (Author/RH)

Reviews research on Holocaust education in terms of (1) curriculum context (subjects, age phase); (2) curriculum process (micro-history, empathy, neutrality); and (3) curriculum content (existing knowledge of Judaism, history of antisemitism, bystander response, other genocides). Makes suggestions for teachers observing Britain's Holocaust…

This study attempted to distinguish between the ambivalent response of shyness and the more potent negative affect of fear in infancy. Sixty infants between 9 and 12 months of age participated in two laboratory situations: a nonsocial situation involving the presentation of a mechanical toy; and a social situation involving a standardized stranger…

This document examines the function of social conventions among strangers. Conventions are regularities in behavior, sustained by an interest in coordination and an expectation of cooperation. Such regularities may arise temporarily or fall just as temporarily; they may exist in a particular time or place and may take time to evolve. From the…

Twelve 10-month-old infants were found to smile reliably more often at novel adults than at familiarized adults. These results are consonant with the proposition that the infant's smiles at new persons represent his active exploration of them. (JMB)

A study on the effects of birth order on infants' reactions to novel persons was conducted to test the differing predictions of incongruity theory and social interaction theory. Findings indicated that infants' reactions to novel persons are determined by infants' social interaction within the family during the first year rather than by the number…

In a longitudinal study of 29 middle-class Japanese infants, an attempt was made to identify early temperamental dispositions that predict later attachment classification. Specifically, Ainsworth Strange Situation observations at 12 months of age were preceded by, among others, observation of distress evident in newborns when a nipple was removed;…

Examines the ability of infants at various age levels between three and nine months to discriminate between their mother and a stranger, and relates such ability to the infants' developmental quotient at age nine months. (Author/MP)

The Mexican village of Erongaricuaro, Michoacan, is both culturally and structurally mestizo. In this article a case is made for the existence of Tarascan ethnicity as a self identifying construct of the villagers. The phenomenon of ethnicity is explored from a broad anthropological (as well as from a local ethnographic) perspective. (GC)

Two experiments presented 36 preschool children with videotapes of their own and unknown mothers interacting with strange and familiar people. The children were able to guess correctly whether their own mother was interacting with a friend or a stranger, but were unsuccessful with unknown mothers. (Author/JMB)

Familiarity of the setting, the mother's presence, sex of the stranger, and the distance separating the infant and the stranger were varied to examine the expression of stranger fear in 32 infants from 6 to 11 months of age. (Author/JMB)

Results suggest that various aspects of Strange Situation behavior are related to both maternal and infant temperament, and that maternal temperament is a predictor of attachment security, particularly for Type A mother-avoidant infants. (Author/RH)

Under equivalent task conditions, assessed object and person concept attainment in securely and insecurely attached infants. Subjects were 16 male and 23 female infants from middle class families. (Author/RH)