Studied counselors' identification of seven commonly employed counselor response modes. Found that counselors tended to identify most of response modes in multifaceted manner that included high-level identities indicative of why response mode is employed and low-level identities concerned with how response mode is executed. Findings suggest that…

Asserts that feminist assumptions about nature, process, and goals of therapy make feminist counseling particularly effective approach for women from diverse racial and cultural backgrounds. Considers feminist interpretation of women's problems from social, political, and economic perspectives to be particularly relevant to experiences and…

For three decades, counseling psychologists have drawn ideas from social psychology about the social process of counseling, integrated the ideas into counseling theories, and assessed them in research. Traces the history of this interface, examines its products, and projects its future. Identifies three propositions that have guided and have been…

Reviews issues raised in ongoing debate between advocates of eclecticism and proponents of single-theory-based counseling. Sees essential issue for field of mental health counseling to be need to build theory base specific to profession. Asserts that adequate theory must be based on defining principles of mental health counseling profession and…

Integrates work of cross-cultural counselor training development theorists, racial-identity development specialists, and cross-cultural counseling competency experts in formation of comprehensive multicultural training model for majority-group counselors. Reviews and integrates extant stage models of white racial consciousness, describes how…

Contends that identity is constituted differently depending on the culture of origin. Against backdrop of U.S. individualism, explores cultural relativity of identity and pseudospeciation (false sense of cultural specialness). Notes that this literature grounds prejudice in evolution itself and provides reasons for movement beyond individualism to…

Considers it imperative that counselors engaged in multicultural counseling have understanding of what is meant by culture. Suggests that philosophical assumptions underlying worldview, the deep structure of culture, provide framework for better understanding cultural differences. Contends that viewing culture from this holistic perspective…

Reviews key assumptions of contextualism, as embodied in social role theory and the lifespan development tradition, highlighting relevant theory and research. Proposes that two vital forces within current counseling, constructivism and interactional counseling, are animated by contextualist notions of development. Outlines specific implications of…

Applied the Directives Rating System (DRS), which classifies directives, to transcripts of four expert group therapists. DRS yielded satisfactory estimates of interrater agreement and validity. Findings showed that DRS ratings were related to therapists' theoretical orientation and that therapists tended to use imperatives and requestives when…

Introduces special journal issue on ecosystemic mental health counseling, defining ecosystemic thinking as thinking that recognizes indivisible interconnectedness of individual, family, and sociocultural context. Contends that ecosystemic mental health counseling enlarges the field of inquiry and interventions and leads to depth perception and…

Contends that ecosystemic model represents counter-cultural movement in mental health field. Contends it is worldview that does not fit narrative story, politics, economics, normal science, or traditional therapeutic practice in Western culture. Discusses implications of ecosystemic perspective for practice of mental health counseling as…

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) provides an eight-phase emotionally corrective experience described as a "learning catalyst" for reprocessing traumatic events. The originator of EMDR discusses the experiences that influenced her innovative approach. EMDR is discussed as a learning catalyst, and many misconceptions about the…

A sound theoretical orientation is essential to the professional integrity of mental health counseling. Existential theory is congruent with the values of mental health counseling and offers a useful theoretical framework for explaining interventions. The basic concepts of existential theory as a basis for practice are delineated. (Author/EMK)

Culture as a group phenomenon versus the need of counselors to work with the individual is addressed. The VISION model of culture, which accounts for within-group and between-group differences, the disappearance of groups, and the emergence of new ones, is presented. Two examples of multicultural interventions are reported. (Author/EMK)

Introduces Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) as a factor that contributes to the performance ratings of counselors. Describes models of OCB and circumstances that encourage its use. Suggests a method for integrating OCB sensitization training into counselor education programs as a means to prepare counseling interns, including information…