Argues that the Southern sit-in movement of 1960, though appearing to have developed in the spontaneous manner described by classic behavior theory, actually grew out of preexisting institutions and organizational forms. Discusses the role of Black churches, colleges, protest organizations, and leaders in the movement. (Author/GC)

Suggests some reasons for the present state of inactiveness in Black protest associations by focusing on the associational behavior shown by Blacks and contrasting it with behavior shown by other ethnic groups in their voluntary associations. (EB)

A hypothetical urban school system is described to illustrate a method of response to the issues of equal educational opportunity, desegregation, staff training and retraining, increasing urban costs, emerging power groups, bureaucratic stagnation, decentralization, and student growth. (MB)

Forty-nine blacks, sixty-two prejudiced whites, and sixty unprejudiced whites rated twenty-eight goals of possible social action. All groups expressed preference for establishment of equal rights and opportunities over forced integration and "hand-out" social programs. (RW)

The role of the home economics department in desegregating Lake Clifton High School (Baltimore, Maryland) by conducting a human relations campaign and other activities is described. (TA)

Compared racial identity of white students who had black roommates with whites who lacked such interaction. Administered the White Racial Identity Attitudes Scale to 187 white students. Scores from white students who were randomly assigned with black roommates were not significantly different from those of white freshmen, seniors, and resident…

Examined how intergroup differences within suburban schools affected African American teachers' experiences. Organizational culture strongly influenced how whites treated their minority counterparts. Because the majority established norms, minorities were expected to comply with uniform sets of rules and regulations. Intergroup conflict arose…

Beginning in 1897, American Indians endured their own integration experience in professional baseball. The experience was propelled by government boarding schools, which used baseball as a tool for assimilation and for prestige and profit. But the players on boarding-school teams often found in the sport their own means of cultural resistance and…

Uses new data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study to examine the influence of school choice on racial integration, investigating racial breakdowns in schools and classrooms within diverse public and private kindergarten programs. Results indicate that kindergarten students in public schools are slightly more likely to be in integrated…

The high degree of ethnic diversity at the University of California at Berkeley where minority students, taken together, now form the majority, has been characterized by the tendency of students to segregate themselves into racial and ethnic enclaves. Such self-segregation is decried by some students and faculty and lauded by others. (DB)

Integration is essential but succeeds only in schools that have fundamentally changed their organization and teaching strategies. High expectations, opportunities for students to work and learn together, the use of language for real purposes, and continual reexamination of successes and problems are necessary elements in an effectively integrated…

The article briefly reviews the support for integrated educational programs for students with severe handicaps and presents a framework for planned educational change, based on the extant racial desegregation literature. Noted are logistical issues facing school administrators and effective leadership roles in the change process. (Author/DB)

Good school helps children recognize their worth as individual human beings. Schools' most important responsibility is to affirm children. African-American and other parents are advised to experience school before choosing it. Is diversity celebrated? Are friendliness and racial diversity present among professional staff? Do African-American and…

Discusses whether school choice benefits students who do and do not receive vouchers, noting how choice affects integration and democratic ideals. Overall, there are important benefits for families participating in choice programs. Choice does not cream off the best students. Educational vouchers may influence public schools to improve. Private…

Presents the historical context of Cape Town, South Africa, and its struggles against apartheid and apartheid education. It offers a case study of Allen Powell, a white teacher and administrator who worked to integrate Plumstead High School, an act that defied South African commonplace and the views of most white South Africans. Analyzes Powell's…