This study highlights the effectiveness of the observation sheet in directly analyzing urban facilities, identifying gaps, and assessing students' knowledge about urban space (the medieval city of Târgu Mure? and its surroundings), as well as the effects of direct observation on the elements identified by students within the urban space. The study involved 79 students aged 16-17, from both genders, across three 10th-grade classes from the "Al. Papiu Ilarian" National College in TârguMure?. To achieve the research objectives, the students participated in a project-based learning activity. The study's results show that field applications and the observation sheet served as an effective tool for identifying gaps and assessing students' knowledge about urban space.