Children in two studies were shown a sequence of pictorial paired associates for study. They were subsequently tested for their recognition memory of these items plus an additional four new items that could be recognized if the child engaged in a reasoning-by-exclusion strategy. (JMB)

It was hypothesized that freedom to choose words to be learned, but not the actual choice of words per se, improves performance in paired-associate tasks. Subjects offered an attractive or meaningful choice performed significantly better than subjects offered an unattractive choice, which was equivalent to no choice at all. (Author/CP)

Children's ability to produce and use natural language mediators on a paired-associate recall task requiring self-generated elaboration was analyzed. Elaborations were recorded and classified according to a semantic-syntactic scheme. Comparisons between grades were made to determine the effectiveness of elaboration categories in facilitating…

Presents two experiments which demonstrate that language-generalization tests should tend to decrease Type 2 errors. (AM)

Focuses on the effect of verbal and pictorial stimuli on paired associate learning. The discussion centers on the traditional finding that learning is easier with pictures than with words as stimuli. Hypothesizes that this effect is caused by differential coding and storing strategies for words and pictures. (Editor/RK)

The present study examined the effects of two variables, association value (low, high) and length of anticipation interval (3 sec, 6 sec) on the paired-associate transfer performance of young and elderly adults in the A-B A-B paradigm. (Editor)

Fifty two- to three-year olds performed paired-associate or control tasks with response items that were related or unrelated. Children in the related task performed more slowly than children in the unrelated task. Findings suggest that children in the related task experienced interference in the acquisition or retrieval of paired-associate items.…

The effect of second language experience and vocabulary ability was investigated in a semantic priming experiment with weakly related English word pairs (e.g., "city"-"grass"). Participants made lexical decisions to targets preceded by unrelated or weakly related primes or to nonword targets preceded by words. Reliable priming was found for…

Like many forms of Pavlovian conditioning, eyelid conditioning displays robust extinction. We used a computer simulation of the cerebellum as a tool to consider the widely accepted view that extinction involves new, inhibitory learning rather than unlearning of acquisition. Previously, this simulation suggested basic mechanistic features of…

Presents a series of these experiments which examined cue function in trigram verbal discrimination learning by retarded subjects. The two variables of chief interest were: (1) trigram meaningfulness, and (2) reinforcement history. (Author/LLK)

WITH THE INTENTION OF APPLYING A MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF LEARNING TO SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION, A TWO-PART EXPERIMENT USING TWO SETS OF 20 STUDENTS WAS CONDUCTED AT STANFORD UNIVERSITY. IN EXPERIMENT I THE SS (SUBJECTS) WERE ASKED TO DISTINGUISH DIFFERENCE OR SAMENESS IN PAIRS OF INITIAL RUSSIAN SYLLABLES. THESE 144 SYLLABLES WERE GROUPED INTO…

Free-association norms for 200 words were obtained in 1964 from the responses of 500 subjects in each of grades four through eight, 10, and 12 and from 1,000 college students. An analysis of this normative data revealed that (1) the frequency of occurrence of the most popular associative responses to stimulus words increases with the age of the…

Investigated were the effects of type of strategy training, intersession interval, and a posttraining reminder cue on paired associates learning for 57 educable mentally retarded elementary school children. Ss were assigned to one of four training conditions (sentence mediation, visual imagery mediation, combined sentence and imagery training, or…