Previous research has reported that a pervasive individualism undermines social commitment in American life. This research also found evidence of a counseling attitude which reinforces individualism contrary to social commitment. This study examined counseling and individualism from three perspectives: the philosophical foundations of counseling,…

This manual acquaints non-Chicano school counselors and educators with the difficulty of counseling Mexican American students due to the racist manifestations of cultural and racial stereotypes. Chapter 1, a general introduction, argues that counselors have often failed to effectively reach Chicano students because they have been insensitive to…

The expanded role of the school counselor as "mainstreaming facilitator" is discussed in the context of the needs and characteristics of mainstreamed handicapped students. Topics addressed include the following: (1) counselor attitudes toward handicapped students and their parents; (2) the learning problems and behavioral characteristics of…

During the past 15 years, a variety of studies conducted mostly in the industrial North and Far West, have sought to determine the attitudes and feelings of various populations toward homosexual men, lesbians, and homosexuality. These studies often reported the relationships between attitudes and personality traits or demographic variables. During…

This document highlights progress in sex equity over the past 15 years, examines the current status and trends, and describes the role of counselors and educators as change agents in reducing sex bias. (NB)

One set of counselor behaviors that has been highly investigated over recent years has been the social influence behaviors. Despite the considerable research interest in social influence theory as it relates to counseling, there has been little attention to the demonstration of the presence or absence of such behavioral skills as expertness,…

Many factors, including changes in the family, drug abuse, high technology, crime, population shifts, and television are changing schools. These forces have already had an impact on the counselor's job or will have an impact in the future. Counselors should be prepared for these social changes and manage them better than their predecessors in the…

Elderly clients resistant to help present an ethical dilemma for professionals. This dilemma may climax when assumption of authority over the client for his safety is necessary. Social workers need to work for decisions closest to the wishes of the client. The at-risk client should be informed about changes that will occur and how these changes…

The law has mandated the inclusion of handicapped children in all appropriate programs of public education, including school counseling programs. A lack of preparation in the area of special education on the part of the school counselor could decrease the effectiveness of school counseling for handicapped students. A study was conducted to survey…

Because most counselors have experienced a significant amount of success, they often have difficulty understanding the impact of test scores on persons who do not perform well. Counselor educators must develop experiential awareness in an area normally outside the realm of their students. To provide such an experience, 25 counselor trainees took…

This paper focuses on burnout in the helping professions and outlines steps that can be taken during counselor training to eliminate or reduce burnout. A discussion of the way in which the internal system of the counselor trainee can provoke burnout concentrates on issues of needs, expectations, and professional philosophy. Three burnout…

This staff development module is part of one of three groups of career guidance modules developed, field-tested, and revised by a six-state consortium coordinated by the American Institutes for Research. This module is designed to assist counselors and other helping professionals in postsecondary school and agency settings to aid adults in…

Classification of current group therapies by three main criteria provides a useful conceptualization of why therapy is sometimes difficult to distinguish from the NTL-model T-group. The appropriateness of sensitivity training based on the criteria of "client normality" identifies several perspectives, including the futility and inadvisability of…

This paper describes a model training program designed to prepare high school guidance counselors to meet the challenge of expanding women's career options. In particular, it addresses the role which counselors may play in encouraging young women to acquire adequate mathematical preparation during their high school years. The first half of the…

In this report, six surveys dealing with attitudes towards integration of San Diego schools are presented. Groups surveyed were registered voters, parents, certificated personnel, classified personnel, secondary school students, and elementary school students. Field work for each separate survey is described. Survey questions are listed and…