The first Native American studies programs, created in the rising political consciousness of the late 1960s and early 1970s, arose from a rejection of traditional curricula and challenged stereotypes of Indians and their history. During the 1980s, Native studies programs became vehicles to recruit and retain American Indian students, reflecting…

A detailed ecological model is used to develop a framework for assessing the incidence of child abuse among American Indians. Macro, exo, and micro levels of analysis are extended by the inclusion of mediating and potentiating factors that may either contribute to or ameliorate maltreatment or abuse. Abuse and its consequences are considered in…

Economic self-sufficiency is the key to reviving and maintaining a strong Indian culture; therefore, the goal of the Passamaquoddy Enterprise Zone Project was to develop an understanding of the types of business that do well in the area and those that do not do well. The study used interviews with business managers as well as case studies of 12…

Indian/Tribal Studies are the bedrock upon which 22 tribally controlled community colleges have been built since the mid-1950s. These colleges have put substantial resources, personnel, and time into building Indian/Tribal Studies programs into flagship academic, cultural, and language institutes. They exhibit common traits including tribal…

Keynote addresses and panel sessions at a conference examining Indian history in the 50 years since the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) are collected in this volume. Part One discusses the Indian New Deal and federal Indian policy from 1933-1945. Part Two deals with 1945-1960 and the federal policy of terminating tribal status. Part…

This hearing before the Select Committee on Indian Affairs (United States Senate) concerns a bill (S.1645) to: (1) reauthorize funding for Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) schools and dormitory facilities; (2) prevent termination or alteration of BIA-funded schools except by specific provision of law or as requested by tribal governing bodies; and…

This hearing concerns a bill (S.1645) to: (1) reauthorize funding for Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) schools and dormitory facilities; (2) prevent termination or alteration of BIA-funded schools except by specific provision of law or as requested by tribal governing bodies; and (3) require full disclosure to the tribal governing body of any…

An oversight hearing on the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 was conducted to assess how well the program is running, what improvements can be made in the administration of the program, and whether any modification of the original legislation is necessary. Thirty-one members of the administration and Indian leaders from across the country…

A state-of-the-art convocation brought together a select group of 30 American Indian leaders to discuss national goals for American Indian education. The conference was held in order to clarify the role of the National Indian Education Association, to unify the major national organizations and agencies involved in Indian education, and to…

Examines Canadian educational systems as they reduced Indian students' self-esteem. Traces history of systematic degradation of Native culture through educational systems since 1600s. Beginning in late 1970s, intervention by Indian parents and tribal elders has led some Indian communities to operate their own school systems. (TES)

The Native American Rights Fund is the national legal defense fund for American Indian and Alaska Native tribes. Its Indian Education Legal Support Project advances Native American education by emphasizing the legal rights of tribes to control the formal education of tribal members in all types of schools--federal, state, and tribal. This booklet…

This report on the status of telecommunications and information technology in Indian Country was created as a tool for reference, training, planning, and general educational purposes to be used by Native Americans, government policy makers, and others. A background section discusses policy and the current state of Native communities with regard to…

Federal awareness that Indians existed as self-governing, political entities gave rise to congressional action during the 1970s that produced significant Indian rights legislation. Article discusses the Congressional Indian legislation enacted during the past decade. (DS)

Reviews the history of racial nomenclature in the Americas with regard to indigenous peoples, African Americans, and mestizos (persons of mixed ancestry). Discusses influences of colonialism and racial discrimination on the naming of groups. Describes the Native American concept of identity as a series of concentric circles extending from one's…

Asserts that historians should not think of American Indians and white colonists as having two distinct historical experiences but "mutual history of continuous interaction and influence." Contends that European and American colonials recognized the power and subtlety of the American Indian confederacies. (CFR)