This meta-analysis of 68 studies (770 effect sizes) used random effects models to examine whether children's achievement differed depending on whether their mothers were employed. Four achievement outcomes were emphasized: formal tests of achievement and intellectual functioning, grades, and teacher ratings of cognitive competence. When all…

In Hungary, 70 percent of librarians and documentalists are women. In this field, women show that they are no less endowed than men with a capacity for innovation and an ability to adopt to new techniques and methods, and they successfully occupy most of the top positions. (Author)

WOMEN WORK BECAUSE THEY OR THEIR FAMILIES NEED THE MONEY THEY CAN EARN. EVEN WHEN NECESSITIES ARE PROVIDED BY OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS, WOMEN WORK TO RAISE FAMILY LIVING STANDARDS. AT LEAST HALF OF ALL WOMEN WORK OUT OF ECONOMIC NECESSITY. ABOUT 2.9 MILLION MOTHERS HAD TO HELP SUPPORT THEIR CHILDREN IN 1966 BECAUSE THEIR HUSBANDS' INCOMES WERE LESS…

Growing up Female: As Six Become One" is an excellent film for people of any age and appropriate for any group. The film explores the lives of six American women showing how they are socialized and what their roles in society are. (Author)

Discusses women's participation in trade unions and specific policies in Canada, United Kingdom, USSR, India, United States, and New Zealand. (JOW)

Discusses political, theoretical, and methodological issues in defining and measuring paid and unpaid work disability. Presents results of study analyzing disability in paid work and unpaid family work among 206 women with rheumatoid arthritis, demonstrating feasibility of measuring disability in family work and showing that women experience…

Although difficult struggles remain ahead, women today are the key to labor organizing, bargaining, and political action. If unions are to thrive, their program must include issues that women care about such as equal pay, child care, and social policy. (JOW)

Using data from a random sample of 580 midwestern women, the authors explore the association between lifetime infertility and life satisfaction. Past research shows lower life satisfaction among those seeking help for infertility. The authors find no direct effects of lifetime infertility, regardless of perception of a problem, on life…

Partner violence may have significant consequences on women's employment, yet limited information is available about how women cope on the job with perpetrators' tactics and the consequences of her coping methods on employment status. This article investigates whether there is an association between workplace disclosure of victimization and…

We analyze the female-male gap in starting-salary offers for new college graduates using data from the annual surveys of the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE), unique (and proprietary) data that have not previously been used for this purpose. A major advantage of working with a data set on salaries for new college graduates is…

The purpose of this article is to describe and analyse play through a contemporary historical perspective, based upon pre-school teachers', students majoring in education, and teacher education students' descriptions of memories from their childhood regarding play and toys. The overall method is retrospective. The data consists of 111 interviews…

This paper examines the relationship between income and the extent of material hardship and explores other factors that might affect hardship. Using panel data from the Women's Employment Study, we examine the incidence of material hardship from 1997 to 2003 among current and former welfare recipients. We then consider the extent to which income…

This guide presents 21 one- or two-page recruitment strategies for women in nontraditional careers. Each entry includes sections on what, when, where, who, and how. Strategies included are: (1) attention-getter giveaways; (2) bias-fee brochure; (3) bias-free slide-tape; (4) "bring a friend" day; (5) brochures with utility bills; (6) craftperson…

Biographical sketches of and comments from five women who have reached the top in the library field: Clara Jones, Barbara Ringer, Lillian Bradshaw, Sherrie Bergman, and Margaret Chisholm. (LS)

STATISTICS ON ABSENTEEISM AND LABOR TURNOVER ARE REVIEWED TO DETERMINE IF GENERALIZATIONS ABOUT LABOR COSTS, BASED ON SEX DIFFERENCES, ARE LEGITIMATE. IN 1963, 5.4 AND 5.6 DAYS WORKTIME WERE LOST BY WOMEN AND MEN RESPECTIVELY. DURING AN AVERAGE WEEK IN 1964, 2.7 PERCENT OF THE MEN AND 3.1 PERCENT OF THE WOMEN WORKERS WERE ABSENT FROM WORK BECAUSE…