Chapter one examines the constitutional context of the busing issue and focuses on the way courts have dealt with the problem. Attention is divided between the United States Supreme Court's rulings and the work of the lower courts. When courts have required busing for desegregation there has almost inevitably been considerable public opposition.…

In this statement the Commission criticizes the President's distinction between de jure and de facto racial segregation, pointing out that many present situations of de facto segregation are the result of previous legal action, such as decisions on school boundary lines, racial zoning ordinances and judicial enforcement of racially restrictive…

An Institute funded under Title IV of the 1964 Civil Rights Act was held during 1968-69 in order to concentrate on the attitudes of the administrative leadership of the schools involved in a busing program. The purpose of the Institute was to initiate and evaluate action programs to facilitate the implementation of the School System's…

The feasibility of the 45-15 plan for elementary schools is considered and the four-quarter or quinmester plan for secondary schools in Guam is explored. Topics considered in this study are personnel, administration, facilities, bus transportation, curriculum development, cost effectiveness, and optional versus mandatory year-round school…

On March 17, 1972, President Nixon submitted two bills to Congress designed to deal with the increasingly troublesome issue of court-ordered busing of school children for the purpose of desegregating public schools. The first of these measures is the "Student Transportation Moratorium Act of 1972," which would freeze such court-ordered…

A methodology for busing to achieve school desegregation is described. Two different approaches are proposed: a student interracial contact score and a quota method. Travel time and number of children bused are proxies for busing costs. Useful data include travel time, school capacity, and student residences for each region and level of school. A…

This report examines the status of nonpublic education and makes recommendations for halting the enrollment decline in nonpublic schools. The report warns that should this enrollment decline continue, the social and economic costs to the nation will be too costly in comparison with the lesser costs for public intervention. The panel recommends…

More children are riding school buses longer distances than ever before, but this review of research on busing finds a surprising shortage of information on the subject, apart from safety figures and costs and efficiencies of the buses themselves. Historically, increased student transportation has been the by-product of school consolidation, but…

Every school day, hundreds of West Virginia children ride school buses much longer than state guidelines say they should. Under those guidelines, no elementary student should be on the bus more than 30 minutes one way, middle school students 45 minutes, and high school students 1 hour. In fall 1999, public hearings about school transportation…

To cut costs, some administrators are contracting with the private sector for such services as pupil transportation, facilities maintenance, and cafeteria operations. Proponents of competitive contracting assert that it can provide public schools with the kind of expertise, flexibility, and cost efficiencies not always available with inhouse…

One of a series of student booklets on the Canadian environment, this unit covers the national and regional transportation systems in Canada and a comparative study of six localities. Student groups adopt another community somewhere in Canada and plan a trip from there to their home town. In the course of their activities, they learn about their…

This study presents both demographic data and superintendents' reports of the processes and consequences of school desegregation for a nationally representative body of 1,292 school districts. The major analytic variable of the study is the nature and timing of steps to desegregate. The major conclusion that emerges is that desegregation actions…

This study evaluates the effects of school desegregation by court ordered busing on the subsequent dropout rate of majority and minority students. It also investigates the relationship of school socio-economic composition and teachers' expectations. The hypothesis of the study is that with the influence of school socio-economic composition…

Educational, legal, and political issues affect Northern school desegregation. The United States has failed to meet the challenge of developing a multiracial society in which minority group members are a significant part of the machinery of the national life. Two separate societies, one black and one white, are a reality both educationally and…

Results of a 1975 survey on racial attitudes of blacks and whites in Chicago are tabulated and analyzed in the four reports compiled in this book. In "Structure and Context of White Racial Attitudes," George Surgeon examines the racial beliefs of whites in terms of such factors as age, education, neighborhood, and sex of survey…