Examined the relationship between 7-, 9-, and 11-year old children's performance on a battery of selected Piagetian measures and on a proportional reasoning task. Found a strong relationship between stage level and (1) the complexity of hypotheses used, (2) the use of the proportional hypothesis, and (3) the overall use of logical hypotheses. (HOD)

Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that first-grade beginning readers could evaluate the referential-communicative adequacy of simple, two-word messages better if they received oral-plus-written messages rather than oral-only messages. Results indicated that oral-plus-written messages were significantly easier for children to…

Reviews prior research on television programers' information processing in making decisions on what programs to broadcast, focusing on attribute information, information integration, and information processing styles. A field experiment conducted to determine importance programers attach to programing information, how they make judgments, and…

Shared experiences between teachers meeting regularly in small groups help them to recognize, value, and utilize their own skills and experiences in professional growth and problem-solving. (JD)

This paper presents a reasoning taxonomy to explain reasoning objectives, strategies, and habits available to the advanced thinker. It begins by explaining the first part of the taxonomy, objectives of reasoning, including the need for skilled thinkers to reason with a purpose and to understand how the world works so that they can engage with it.…

An attempt has been made in this article to show cause for training in critical inquiry for prospective teachers of art. (Author/RK)

Presents an inquiry into the nature of principals' written accounts of observations of classroom teaching. (Author/RK)

Discusses the nature of "right" and "wrong," considering how the terms apply to science in general and to the ideas of Einstein, Newton, and other scientists in particular. Indicates that, in one sense, the terms are not questions of science but matters of dogma. (JN)

Student characteristics needed for professional literature reading were compared in first- and fourth-year students. Fourth-year students read more, valued reviews over original research, valued journals' reputations more, but were less willing to admit uncertainty. Medical education's emphasis on specific answers rather than analysis is faulted.…

Describes the development of a curriculum to improve problem- solving ability when faced with uncertainty by (1) encouraging students to examine their thought processes, (2) presenting fallacious arguments, and (3) providing better tools for decision making. Relevant psychological research, some problems of teacher training, and a small-scale…

Concentrates on the fit between an educational strategy like nonformal education and a development problem. Explores the thesis that it is important to delineate the character and function of educational strategies both formal and nonformal, in terms of their potential for addressing varying human contexts. (Editor/RK)

Considers how media audiences and online users differ in their assessment of news. A national survey that studied the perception of interactivity in mass media and computer networks, and its relationship to the assessment of news, indicated that more emphasis on feedback is needed. (Author/LRW)

Examines the effect of priming negative stereotypic and positive counter-stereotypic portrayals of African Americans and women on interpretations of actual media events. Shows that a counter-stereotypic portrayal of an African American male led participants to make more external or situational attributions of responsibility to other African…

Reports on data obtained in Australia on practicing teachers' thinking as they interacted with a professional development interactive multimedia courseware package. Two types of thinking are discussed: (1) cognitive mediating processes related to content; and (2) evaluative thoughts about the instructional design of the courseware, from which a…