Probabilistic reasoning as developed by John Locke can provide the English teacher with a useful system for teaching the research paper since it consists of four major strategies for probing a subject: (1) the use of maxims or principles, (2) the framing of hypotheses, (3) the use of analogy, and (4) the reliance on authority. However, it is the…

Recently, an emphasis has been placed on the new paradigm of teacher reflection as an expression of what should be developed in teacher education programs. A discussion is presented on this term as it relates to the "teacher as a reflective decision-maker" model for clinical instruction and teacher evaluation occuring within such…

When a person encounters a problem, the character, form, and content of his or her response provides psychologists with useful and interesting information about processes of challenge and their relationship to intellectual development. In essence, challenge is a developing relationship that is defined on the one hand by objective factors (a person…

Concepts of critical thinking and psychological type are reviewed. An instrument that has gained wide acceptance for evaluating individual preferences is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Four dimensions of the MBTI that can also be considered learning preferences, with their associated contrasting preferences, are: (1) orientation toward…

Many important social judgments involve deciding whether a person is likely to be successful in a particular situation. The literature on stereotypes suggests that there is a differential application of conceptualizations of ability in describing age and sex groups. This study investigated the hypothesis that age and sex stereotypes are associated…

The accuracy of standards obtained from judgmental methods is dependent on the quality of the judgments made by experts throughout the standard setting process. One important dimension of the quality of these judgments is the consistency of the judges' perceptions with item performance of minimally competent candidates. Several interrelated…

The articles in this volume, focusing on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed for competent evaluation of teaching, were originally presented at the National Symposia for Professionals in Evaluation and Research (NSPER:82) conferences in Portland, Oregon; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and New Orleans, Louisiana. After an introduction by…

The authors propose that counselor educators add new dimensions to the current counselor training model so that counselors may become dynamic facilitators within the school. The multiple demands on counselors and the confused expectations of their positions make it necessary for them to redefine their role. (Author/PC)

This bibliography cites 326 references on the use of evaluation information and results. References include dissertations, journal articles, ERIC documents, books, and other papers. Both published and unpublished works, the majority of which were written after 1970, are cited. A special list of ten recommended readings is separate from the…

The concept of attention in sport is important because the inability to process the right kind and amount of information may lead to a mismatch in perception and consequent motor output. Research has shown that the ability to choose between relevant and irrelevant information increases dramatically at about 12 years of age. By giving up the…

A critical look is taken at the standards and philosophy current in the public schools. The continuing trend of permissiveness at all levels is deplored as producing young people who are unable to function literately after their schooling is finished. It is pointed out that teaching innovations over the past years have resulted in increased…

Designed to help children identify the racial stereotypes that occur in the content and illustrations of some children's books, this lesson plan presents a list of evaluative criteria and applies these standards to two contrasting short stories. The plan concentrates on the child's reaction to character development in both stories and includes…

A sample of 264 eleventh-graders, stratified by selecting those who performed above selected scores on the Iowa Test of Educational Development to eliminate lack of adequate reading ability as a variable, were tested to determine the relationships between their emotional responses to literature, their ability to judge prose quality, and their…

The nature and role of criteria in evaluation of adult education programs are presented in this study. The first half of the paper discusses several premises: The goal of evaluation is to use program judgments in the program decision making process. Criteria are essential to judgment and determining the type of criteria that is relevant is an…

This study is an attempt to determine what level of artistic perception or art taste is brought into the classroom by students in schools of journalism and whether it can be demonstrated that design instruction can raise the level of artistic perception among journalism and advertising students. It was hypothesized that women would score higher in…