This report contains a description of a program that sought to develop the fotonovela as an instrument for increasing literacy and consciousness awareness in Ecuador. Following a general introduction to the work of the Nonformal Education Project, the creator of this program, the report presents information about the antecedents and…

This document summarizes the experiences and results of four years (1972-1975) of work in nonformal education in Ecuador. The project grew out of informal discussions in 1970 between several members of the Center for International Education at the University of Massachusetts and a group of Ecuadoreans and Americans in the USAID mission in Quito.…

The three essays in this discussion paper present ways of structuring the concept of non-formal education. "Toward a Contextual Definition of Non-Formal Education" isolates three primary sub-systems: organizational, human, and curricular. Within these subsets non-formal education is differentiated from formal education by a more loosely…

An occasional, independent publication of the Unesco Regional Office for Education in Asia contains reviews of recent publications and studies, brief reports on programs and projects, and notes on Asian documents related to education. The first section of reviews of recent publications and studies examines documents on education in Bangladesh ,…

This document is part of a series dealing with nonformal education. Introductory information is included in document SO 008 058. The focus of this report is on the learning effectiveness of nonformal education. Chapter 1 compares effective learning in a formal and nonformal environment. Chapter 2 develops a systems model for designers of learning…

Museums are undergoing changes as institutions which may cause them to adopt a more community and social mission oriented course of programs in addition to their traditional roles of scholarship and preservation of important artifacts. This change, coupled with the fact that museum visitation is a highly social activity, raises some interesting…

In analyzing past and present conditions of external degree programs, it is apparent there is emerging support for lifelong learning. There has been an increase of American interest in the external degree program, particularly during 1970. There are five external degree-related developments which contribute to increasing lifelong learning…

The goal of educational strategy is to determine the kinds of behavior which are desired and to create those educational environments which most clearly support and encourage this behavior. This paper is an inquiry into the nature of formal and non-formal learning. The structural characteristics of each kind of educational environment are examined…

The references in this listing can be divided into two main categories: those which focus on the recognition and identification of women as critical potential human resources in national development, and those which describe and evaluate nonformal education programs whose primary clientele are women and families. Each item is listed in…

The new monograph series, IBE Collaborative Projects: Strengthening Capacities through Action, documents projects initiated and managed by local or national level institutions in diverse countries, which have been technically or academically assisted by UNESCO's International Bureau of Education (IBE). This first publication in the series…

This guide, which was developed by a group of nonformal education (NFE) practitioners during a training course conducted in India, is intended as a tool to train NFE practitioners. Discussed first are the basic principles of NFE, the meaning of the term "active learning and education," features of NFE, and ways NFE can help advance development.…

In the Philippines, introduction of a formal education system, new written language, and the knowledge encoded in it have been part of a colonization process and not the result of direct evolution from informal education. The discontinuities between formal and informal education--abstraction, systematization, and specialization--are greater and…

This paper argues that science can be defined with sufficient clarity so as to maintain a coherent boundary for the practical purposes of school science curriculum development. That boundary excludes most forms of indigenous knowledge, if not all, just as it excludes art, history, economics, religion, and many other domains of knowledge. Being…

This paper examines how American Indians construct and describe their own cultural identities. In particular, it focuses on cultural group identity from the perspective of three American Indians living in an urban setting, and on the ways that cultural identity can be communicated and enacted. Two American Indian women and one American Indian man,…

Third World countries have used community health advisors (CHAs) for many years to deliver health services, health education, and linkages to isolated and underserved communities. In 1998 the National Community Health Advisor Study estimated there were at least 600 such programs in the United States using about 12,500 CHAs. Program activities and…