Recent studies using the diffusion decision model find that performance across many cognitive control tasks can be largely attributed to a task-general efficiency of evidence accumulation (EEA) factor that reflects individuals' ability to selectively gather evidence relevant to task goals. However, estimates of EEA from an n-back "conflict…

Narrative recall and comprehension are important lifelong skills. While gesturing may improve recall by alleviating cognitive load, it may be differentially beneficial, depending on task and individual characteristics. While research on gesture's effects on a variety of task modalities is burgeoning, effects on recall of narratives read aloud are…

On March 7, 1962 the Royal College of Physicians published a report entitled "Smoking and Health" that made the causal link between smoking and lung cancer clear and explicit. Using a historical data set that contains information on smoking from 1958 to 1965, I find a decrease in smoking for those with more schooling after the report's…

Maintaining the abilities and utilizing, even developing the potential of older adults is currently one of the important issues in an aged society, and participation in education is an important method to maintain and develop the abilities of older adults. Exploring the factors that discourage older adults from participating in learning activities…

Present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between self-compassion and psychological hardiness, and psychological well-being among mothers of children with autism. The research design was correlational, and its statistical population sample consisted of 101 mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder. The results of a correlational…

This article intends to empower and equip art educators to artistically address the functioning of facial detection algorithms through critical race theory (CRT). By highlighting how biometric data, a specific form of data that measures the physical qualities of individuals, is used in common social media facial detection algorithms like Snapchat,…

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with a strong genetic basis. We accurately assessed 209 ASD subjects, categorized in complex (47) and essential (162), and performed array comparative genomic hybridization to identify pathogenic and recurrent Copy Number Variants (CNVs). We found 117 CNVs in 75…

Research has examined the influence of a graduate student matching their advisor's demographic characteristics on a variety of outcomes, but comparatively few studies have examined students' preferences concerning such matching. Using data from a national survey of U.S. graduate students in five natural and social science disciplines, the analyses…

Ambiguity tolerance is an individual trait indicating low aversion to ambiguity that is closely related to creativity. Appreciation and discussion of art are known to improve ambiguity tolerance, but the effects of appreciation and discussion have not been studied separately. In this study, we used haiku poetry with the characteristic of ambiguity…

We examined the prevalence and correlates of anticipated responses to hypothetical cigar price increases. Data are from a 2021 representative sample of U.S. adults who reported past-30-day cigar use (n = 454; mean age = 39.8 years). Weighted multivariable logistic regressions assessed the correlates of behavior change responses. If cigar price…

Background: Situational engagement in science is often described as context-sensitive and varying over time due to the impact of situational factors. But this type of engagement is often studied using data that are collected and analyzed in ways that do not readily permit an understanding of the situational nature of engagement. The purpose of…

Research Findings: Temperament, which can be assessed as early as 3 months, is associated with school readiness and later academic achievement in children born full term. Although children born preterm demonstrate a dysregulated temperament and are at significant risk for lower school readiness, we found no studies investigating whether early…

While deaf children learning American Sign Language (ASL) from deaf caregivers generally develop along typical trajectories, some have been skeptical that deaf children who have hearing caregivers--the majority of deaf children--can similarly benefit from ASL exposure. This study tracked ASL fluency and academic achievement among a large sample of…

Television programs have introduced viewers to characters on the autism spectrum (e.g., "Sesame Street," "The Good Doctor"), impacting audiences' knowledge and attitudes. Thus, it is essential that character representations convey accurate health information. This study explores how autistic portrayals across six adult and…

Purpose: Parents of autistic individuals have been known to have a lower overall quality of life (QQL) than those of typically developing children. We present the first Hungarian large-sample study whose objective was to explore the differences in QOL between parents of autistic individuals (AS) and those of neurotypical (NT) persons. Methods:…