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What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Borkenau, Peter – 1993
Whether judgments made by complete strangers as to the intelligence of subjects are accurate or merely illusory was studied in Germany. Target subjects were 50 female and 50 male adults recruited through a newspaper article. Eighteen judges, who did not know the subjects, were recruited from a university community. Videorecordings of the subjects,…
Descriptors: Adults, Attitudes, Auditory Stimuli, Decision Making

Cohen, Sarale E. – Child Development, 1974
Descriptors: Age Differences, Auditory Stimuli, Developmental Psychology, Eye Fixations
Roe, Kiki V.; Bronstein, Robin – 1986
A study explored whether socioeconomic status (SES) differences could be detected in 3-month-old infants' differential vocal responsiveness (DVR) to mothers versus strangers. The study also explored whether 3-month-olds' DVR was related to environmental variables, such as the mother's behaviors toward the infant in naturalistic conditions, the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Early Experience, Educational Attainment, Infant Behavior
Kanaya, Yuko; Miyake, Kazuo – 1985
Maternal and infant interactional characteristics in early infancy were investigated in order to examine their causal relationship with later attachment as assessed in the Strange Situation. Although the results of rating for maternal variables at four months of age exhibited significant differences between the set (S1) composed of attachment type…
Descriptors: Attachment Behavior, Coordination, Emotional Development, Foreign Countries

Call, Justin D. – Early Child Development and Care, 1974
Presents some practical suggestions on how teachers, students, and child-care workers can help infants cope with changes that may occur with adoption and foster care at various early ages. (Author/CS)
Descriptors: Child Caregivers, Developmental Psychology, Individual Differences, Infants
Roe, Kiki V.; And Others – 1980
Differences in 3-month-old infants' vocal responsiveness to vocal-visual stimulation by mothers and strangers has been shown to be related to performance on both the Stanford-Binet at 3 years of age and the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistics at 5 years of age. The present retesting of 12 of the original 14 normal, first-born male subjects, now 12…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Infant Behavior, Interpersonal Competence, Longitudinal Studies
Bigelow, Ann – 1977
The ability of infants to recognize their mothers as distinct from others was investigated by presenting 6 boys and 6 girls at two age levels (5 weeks and 13 weeks) with the following six sequential stimulus conditions: (1) mother's face (MO); (2) stranger's face (SO); (3) mother's face with stranger's voice (MS); (4) stranger's face with mother's…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Attachment Behavior, Auditory Discrimination, Discrimination Learning
Clarke-Stewart, Alison – 1975
This paper reports an 18-month investigation of the differential effects of social context (i.e., characteristics of people in the child's immediate environment) on infants' positive social behavior. The social behaviors of 14 children from 1 to 2-1/2 years of age were observed at home and in a laboratory playroom. The social context was varied…
Descriptors: Experimenter Characteristics, Infant Behavior, Interpersonal Competence, Longitudinal Studies
Hulsebus, Robert C. – 1975
This study investigated at the age at which infants become able to discriminate between their mothers and females strangers, as measured by differential patterns of pauses during the infants' crying while being spoken to by their mothers and female strangers. The subjects, 14 infants ranging in age from 7 to 20 days, were fed, burped, and changed,…
Descriptors: Auditory Discrimination, Behavior Patterns, Comparative Analysis, Infant Behavior

Moskowitz, Debbie S.; And Others – Child Development, 1977
The Ainsworth-Wittig strange situation was used to compare 12 42-month-old children with approximately 6 months of day care experience to individually matched children who had not had group child rearing experience. Results did not support the idea that day-care experience impairs attachment to the mother. (JMB)
Descriptors: Attachment Behavior, Day Care, Early Childhood Education, Group Experience

Furman, Erna – Young Children, 1987
Discusses efforts to inform young children about sexual abuse. Points out that what caregivers do in everyday interactions with children is of greater value than lessons about child abuse. (NH)
Descriptors: Child Caregivers, Child Rearing, Early Childhood Education, Parent Attitudes

Vandell, Deborah Lowe; And Others – Child Development, 1988
Discusses observations of sets of infant twins, aged 6 to 24 months, as they interacted with one another and with an unfamiliar peer. Assesses quality of infant-mother attachment. Finds twins are more likely to react with one another than with a peer. Results are discussed in relation to early peer relationships and attachment. (Author/RWB)
Descriptors: Attachment Behavior, Behavior Patterns, Infant Behavior, Infants

Roe, Kiki V.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1985
Examined home-reared and institutionalized infants in Greece to find sex differences in social-vocal behaviors as assessed by Differential Vocal Responsiveness (DVR) to mother/caretaker versus stranger interactions. Results suggest that early differences in vocal-interactional patterns, and possibly cognitive processing, may be attributable to…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Child Rearing, Early Childhood Education, Foreign Countries

Contole, Julie; Over, Ray – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1981
Six infants were filmed at 15 and 30 weeks of age while alone and in the presence of an adult (mother or stranger) who interacted with the infant or remained passive. Signal detection analysis of ratings made by judges showed that infant behavior at both ages varied in accord with whether or not an adult was present. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cues, Foreign Countries, Infant Behavior

Anderson, Christine Warren; And Others – Child Development, 1981
Differences in attachment, affiliative, and exploratory behaviors in the presence of substitute caregivers v a stranger were examined in light of differences in the physical quality of centers and the level of caregiver involvement. (Author/MP)
Descriptors: Attachment Behavior, Child Caregivers, Day Care Centers, Educational Facilities