An examination of some surface differences between quantifier phrases (QP) in standard Italian, Genoese dialect, and French is reported. The analysis makes specific reference to the distribution of empty noun phrase and adjectival phrase categories in SpecN, and uses the concept of inflectional rules. Although details have not yet been worked out,…

There is significant synchronic evidence of the close relationship between anaphoric and grammatical agreement even within the grammatical structures of a single language. It is possible to predict clear syntactic differences between a grammatical agreement marker and a morphologically incorporated pronoun. What is required is a theory of…

The development of relative clauses in child speech was investigated using an elicited production task instead of spontaneous speech samples. In an elicited production task, the context is manipulated so that a complex sentence must be used for communication. Thirty-six English speaking children from 3 to 5 years old were provided with contexts…

Part II of a continued article. (DD)

The syntax of adult expressive language is compared to that of child pre-language. This "syntactical regression" is considered part of the dynamic and evolutionary character of human language. (Text is in French.) (AM)

A number of studies on the order of adjectives in the English noun phrase are reviewed. Analysis of the studies and examples used in them indicates that almost any order of adjective seems to be possible depending on the intended meaning of the speaker or the situation in which the speaker frames an utterance. To see if in fact the ordering of…

THIS DESCRIPTION OF DAGUR, A MONGOLIAN LANGUAGE, IS BASED ON THE DIALECT OF A SPEAKER BORN IN INNER MONGOLIA IN NORTHWEST MANCHURIA. SECTION I OF THIS MANUAL DESCRIBES OTHER WORKS PUBLISHED IN MONGOLIAN LINGUISTICS WHICH HAVE USED THE SAME INFORMANT, AND PRESENTS THE AUTHOR'S APPROACH, IN TERMS OF A PHRASE-STRUCTURE GRAMMAR. SECTION II PRESENTS…

IN ANALYZING WAYS BY WHICH VARIOUS LANGUAGES SIGNAL THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF ELEMENTS IN A SENTENCE, ONE APPROACH (THAT OF TRANSFORMATION THEORY) IS TO RELATE EMPHASIS TO A TOPIC-COMMENT RELATIONSHIP. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEVERAL ENGLISH, TURKISH, AND JAPANESE SENTENCES THAT TAKE DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF EMPHASIS SUGGESTS THAT IN EACH CASE THE…

IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAM FOR MECHANIZING TRANSLATION, SOME PROBLEMS WOULD REMAIN EVEN WHEN THE MORPHEMES AND GRAMMATICAL PROCESSES INVOLVED ARE REASONABLY EQUIVALENT IN THE TWO LANGUAGES. EQUIVALENT GRAMMATICAL RELATION HAS TO BE DEFINED BECAUSE IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES AMONG SENTENCES ARE FOUND MORE OFTEN IN THEIR DEEP STRUCTURE…

A review of the literature reveals that increased syntactic maturity is developmental growth properly associated with elementary and junior high school students and that measuring this maturity will not prove that an individual writer is skilled or unskilled. Improved style, unlike increased syntactic maturity, is not quantifiable growth, though…

IN THIS PAPER, PREPARED FOR THE APRIL 1967 TEXAS SYMPOSIUM ON LINGUISTIC UNIVERSALS, IT IS PROPOSED THAT THE GRAMMATICAL NOTION "CASE" DESERVES A PLACE IN THE BASE COMPONENT OF THE GRAMMAR OF EVERY LANGUAGE. IT IS ARGUED THAT PAST RESEARCH HAS NOT LED TO VALID INSIGHTS ON CASE RELATIONSHIPS AND THAT WHAT IS NEEDED IS A CONCEPTION OF BASE…

The paper demonstrates the possibility of deriving, from the Correlational Grammar developed solely for the purpose of automatic sentence analysis, a classification of words that could be useful in language analysis and language teaching. A group of some 90 frequent English adjectives serves as example; they are sorted into ten classes according…