This article provides a case study demonstrating the active role that 5- to 6-year-old boys in an English inner-city, multi-ethnic primary school play in the appropriation and reproduction of their masculine identities. It is argued that the emphasis on physicality, violence and racism found among the boys cannot be understood without reference to…

The authors examined how college men's conformity to an array of masculinity norms varied as a function of their vocational interests to better understand the gendered context of men's vocational development. Three hundred ten mostly Caucasian and heterosexual college men completed the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory, and their answer to…

Very few large-scale research projects involving lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth have taken place in South Africa. However, there have been several important small-scale studies. One of the major obstacles that researchers of LGB youth encounter in South Africa is the lack of access to these adolescents. There are no national networks for social…

In this paper I explore ways in which adolescent male students perceive war and violence and related gender discourses. My research is situated in a Year 10 English classroom in a private boys' school in Perth, Australia. Interviews with students and their teacher provide opportunities to explore perceptions and ideas on issues relating to war and…

The main objective of the WomEng European research project was to assess when, how and why women decide to or not to study engineering. This question was addressed through an international cross-comparison by an interdisciplinary research team in seven European countries. This article presents, in the first part, the methodological toolbox…

Consumer literature shows that a decision's degree of personal importance and relevance--one's level of involvement in the decision--indicates which type of intervention strategy will be effective in influencing consumers' choices. The authors surveyed 358 college students at a state university in the western United States to test the…

While recent research has examined some qualities that are related to marital adjustment, none has examined personal development variables that might be expected to significantly relate to marital adjustment and to gender-role self-concept. A study was conducted to examine relationships among gender-role self-concepts, personal development, and…

To examine relationships between masculinity-femininity, presence of same or opposite sex sibling, and accuracy of cross-sex role-taking, 92 male and female undergraduates classified the 20 items comprising Smith's Masculinity-Femininity Scale according the sex-role characteristics. (Author)

This bibliography on men, masculinity, sex roles, and androgyny summarizes much of the literature in the social sciences on these issues. The 221 sources are separated into several categories including: (1) men and masculinity; (2) counseling men; (3) self-help resources for men and interventions used in men's groups; (4) popular books on men and…

Black men face certain problems related to institutional racism and environments which often do not prepare them well for the fulfillment of masculine roles. In addition to problems created by discrimination, they encounter negative stereotyping, which holds that they are socially castrated, insecure in their male identity, and lacking in positive…

Female and male respondents (N=300) completed a questionnaire by listing characteristics people expected a masculine man, a feminine woman, a feminine man, and a masculine woman to have. Results supported the hypothesis that the stereotypes for femininity and masculinity are dimorphous. (Author)

Male and female college students described themselves and their ideal male and female with regard to sex-typed characteristics. Females described an androgynous model for themselves and their ideals. Males described an androgynous model for their self-portrayals but sex-typed portrayals for their ideals. (CMG)

Two studies investigated the influence of sex-role identification on the expectations of female college students (N=66) regarding marriage and divorce, and among divorced women (N=32) on their reasons for divorce. Among college students, masculinity was related to more positive expectations. For divorcees, the more masculine women adjusted more…

Explores stereotypic thinking in relation to sex differences in personality. The 14 scales of Edwards Personality Inventory IA administered to 398 college student judges predict answer most men (women) would give. Results discussed. (Author/EK)

Sex-typed and androgynous males were assigned to a masculinity threat, masculinity validation, or control treatment group. Sex-typed males responded anxiously to sex-role threat and reported exaggerated levels of masculinity and antisocial behavior. Androgynous males reported anxiety but responded by lowering their levels of masculine endorsement.…