This study guide, designed to help counselors prepare for the Virginia Professional Counselor License Application, provides a review of counseling techniques and procedures, evaluation and appraisal procedures, and group theories and techniques. Other topics reviewed in the materials include professional identity, function and ethics, and abnormal…

This paper presents a model of counselor supervision which recognizes four specific stages of counselor development. The materials focus on the need for a developmental model, the interplay between this model and levels of training and professional practice, and the implications for curriculum planning and supervisory interventions. Studies…

This paper proposes that the automatic use of therapeutic approaches devised for Americans and Europeans with clients belonging to different cultures may be counter-productive. Cultural differences between Caucasian-Americans and Japanese-Americans are examined and general elements to be considered in counseling Japanese-Americans are explained.…

Making others especially fearful of what can happen if they ignore the advice given in a health-threat warning (fear appeal) encourages their acceptance of the message most of the time, though occasionally this strategy backfires. Current formulations of fear appeals are unable to reconcile these findings satisfactorily. The drive model notion…

Although international students studying in the United States are identified as a high risk group under considerable stress, counseling services which meet their special needs are few and generally ineffective. American counselors have not been trained to provide effective support to clients whose cultural values differ from their own, and often…

This paper presents a perspective on advocacy and Advocate Counseling and its relationship to institutional racism. The Advocate Counseling Model is described as a vehicle for teaching citizens to act in an assertive and affirmative manner when confronted with public and private institutional problems, including institutional racism. Legal…

Four models developed for the treatment of Cuban American adult and adolescent drug and alcohol abusers are discussed in this paper. The study reviewed was aimed at (1) investigating the effectiveness of "Ecological Family Systems Therapy," an approach created by the Spanish Family Guidance Clinic in Miami, Florida, and (2) identifying…

This volume contains the papers presented at a conference whose purpose was to bring together counselors to discuss the issues around changing roles of counselors, attitudes of counselors, updating counseling strategies and techniques, and legal considerations. It also addresses the problems of counseling students who have suffered from racism…

This catalog contains some 250 listings of films, videotapes, and slide programs on the subjects of behavioral modification, behavior therapy, programed instruction, and learning and conditioning. Listings are accompanied by brief descriptions taken directly from distributors' catalogs. Names and addresses of distributors are included, but price…

"Communication apprehension" is a broad-based fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons. The purpose of this paper, the fifth in a series of five dealing with communication reticence is to speculate on the causes, correlates, and effects of communication apprehension. The…

There are two unifying theses underlying these three papers: (1) the importance of the human relationship factor; and (2) the need to clearly understand what we wish to do and how most successfully to do it. The first paper, concerning counselor education, compares a behavioral counselor education model with a model which is related to the…

The primary goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two distinctly different techniques, restatement and interpretation, on a criterion variable of counseling. The study objectives were: 1) to operationally define these two classes of counselor response and train two counselors to produce them upon cue in a counseling session, using…

The integration of animal-assisted therapy into clinical psychology is a growing phenomenon. These "co-therapists" may be of assistance to counselors when working with withdrawn and non-communicative counselees. The presence of an animal has been found to lower anxiety and motivate the counselee's participation in therapy.…

This study, using Truax's Scale for the Measurement of Accurate Empathy and an adapted version of Warman's Counseling Appropriateness Check-List, investigated the influence of empathy on student perception of counselor role. In addition, the influence of grade level and sex was explored. (Author)

Discusses the philosophical and practical aspects of developmental guidance and counseling in the public schools. Reviews the role of heredity in human behavior with implications for counselors. Suggests counseling should relate to what a child can do, not what he/she should be able to do. (JAC)