Five interpretations of equity are examined as they relate to the distribution of public goods and services. The first principle, utilitarianism, maintains that individuals are free to pursue their own interests and are rewarded according to contributions. The second principle, needs, is the basis of communist societies in which each gives…

Results of a ten-year review of state appropriations for higher education in the states are presented. Findings reveal a wide range of differences among the regions of the nation and among the individual states. The share of education appropriations received by higher education institutions has grown considerably, with the greatest rate of growth…

This survey examined the attitudes of people in four states where tax or spending limitations appeared on the ballot in November 1978. It found that people had positive attitudes toward schools in their communities, believed schools are doing an above-average job, and viewed schools as a public service that should not be reduced. Results suggest…

This study analyzes the patterns of 40 teacher strikes between 1955 and 1965 by looking at (1) the issues and demands and (2) the outcomes and settlements. It is hypothesized that (1) teacher strikes fall into discernible patterns, (2) functional relationships exist between certain strike issues and outcomes and the strike itself, (3) strikes can…

This paper traces the evaluation of state-local public education finance systems to present; examines the prevalent foundation system of finance; discusses the "Serrano" decision and its implications for foundation systems; and, after an examination of three possible new approaches, recommends an education finance system. The first of the new…

The papers and discussions which follow were presented at the December 1973 meetings of the Allied Social Science Associations in New York City. They provide a stimulating review and perspective on the state of policy and reform possibilities in income maintenance and the welfare system. In his paper, "The Role of Income-Conditioning in the…

This preliminary report summarizes much of the work and findings of the research staff of the Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity of the Oregon Legislature. The research staff's task was to analyze Oregon's current school finance system and its various alternatives and to develop a computer simulation for predicting the impact of…

An "index of effort" is defined in this study of almost 300 school districts in Southern California. The index measures factors which influence school district education programs and their costs. The results were computed from data on the following variables: (1) The quality of the teacher salary schedule, (2) salaries paid teachers, (3) training…

The financial plan presented in this paper removes some of the current inequities of the property tax through the following basic features: a per pupil expenditure lid up to which the State provides aid; an equalized assessment rate which is enforced; State aid distributed on the basis of the wealth of the district in comparison to the wealth of…

This book attempts to make the problem of budgetary choice at the federal level more intelligible by classifying, analyzing, and projecting into the future the components of the budget in a way which makes it possible to put together several comprehensive alternative budgets, each illustrating from a different view how the Federal Government could…

This document consists of a series of papers by different authors on the subject of school finance and equal educational opportunity. One group of papers studies the effect of State aid on the scope of the educational program, reports on the status of capital assistance financing for the Illinois Public Schools, and illustrates the method of…

Intended for both researchers and practitioners, this analysis and bibliography cites approximately 100 publications on educational taxation, including general texts and reports, statistical reports, taxation guidelines, and alternative proposals for taxation. Topics covered in the analysis section include State and Federal aid, urban and suburban…

This document contains statements by educators, religious groups, government officials, constitutional experts, and concerned citizens and groups on various legislative proposals to provide aid to elementary and secondary education. The proposals would (1) provide payments to the States for elementary and secondary education, (2) redress…

The development and application of a computerized model, designed to stimulate the nation's future educational needs and resources and the disaprities between them, are described. The results of the simulation, reported by region and by type of residential area, allow the following types of projections through 1980: (1) enrollment given…

If blacks are to have any hope of success in producing favorable social and political change, they must be extremely wary of having too narrow a focus. Blacks cannot waste time in the search for ideological purity, closing out those who happen not to agree on every detail of a specific program. Blacks, together with the other oppressed groups of…