Examines the destructive impact of the criminal justice system on black children, arguing that strategies must be designed which will address the needs of black and poor children. Every action must be taken to reverse the abdication of agency responsibility, repeal Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) laws, and develop alternative programs for…

This book, a comprehensive and interactive introductory text on criminal justice, consists of six units: (1) Crime: covers victims' rights, gangs, violent crime, white-collar crime, elements of crimes, legal defenses, methods for measuring crime, hate crime, computer crime, and a history of crime in the United States; (2) Police: explores local…

Evidence is presented to show that, at every level in the system, girls charged with status offenses are treated more harshly than girls charged with crimes. Further, the noncriminal activity of girls is frequently seen as requiring more drastic intervention than the criminal behavior of boys. (Author)

Surveys the history of social reaction to child abuse, discusses the cultural values promoting the protection of children, points out how much pediatric radiology benefited from its "discovery" of "the battered child syndrome" in the early sixties, and concludes that the labeling of child abusers as "sick" has shielded them from criminal…

Uses five unusual indifference curve exercises to show how changing the jail sentence and changing the reward for good behavior can influence the crime rate. Recommends eliminating minimum sentencing while raising sentencing and increasing the rewards for good behavior. Includes illustrative graphs for each exercise. (MJP)

The Higher Education Act's Drug-Free Student Aid Provision denies federal aid to anyone convicted of possessing or selling controlled substances. The criminalization of certain offenses and exclusion of others appears to accompany unstated racial and socioeconomic biases. Because minority and poor people are more likely to be convicted of drug…

Describes four categories of censorship supported by the State of Emergency in South Africa: prior censorship and suspension of publication; restraints on information gathering; suppression of anti-apartheid views; and the growth of militarization. A comparison to traditional censorship of books is made and the possible role of librarians in…

Criminal suspects who are mentally retarded frequently are unable to understand or take advantage of their constitutional rights. Students should receive instruction concerning their rights. Through mock arrest situations, they should be taught to request an attorney, as a cued response reaction to being taken into custody. (JDD)

Reports the findings of victim interviews and archival data concerning incidents of woman abuse. Results for samples monitored over a 6- to 12-month period supported the use of arrest on first police visits to the home and subsequent action by the courts, including ordering perpetrators into treatment. (RJM)

Describes current phallometric test practices in relation to criminal justice, and community responses to these cases. Concludes that the available research evidence does not offer clear support for the use of phallometric data in clinical and legal decision-making processes, particularly with respect to men who have not admitted offenses. (RJM)

Presents a lesson on American Indian tribal sovereignty. Discusses the concept of sovereignty as it developed in the United States. Describes three Supreme Court decisions that established (1) Indian tribes were sovereign before European contact and (2) some sovereign powers were restricted after the United States was established. Includes a chart…

Discusses enhanced prison visiting programs that offer support for the mother-child relationship in cases of incarcerated mothers. Highlights the Girl Scouts Beyond Bars program, which offers a solution to the problems of mother-child separation by imprisonment, traditional visiting practices, mother-child reunification, and permanency planning.…

The constitutionality of section 43 of the Canadian criminal code, which provides a defense to the use of reasonable and corrective force on children, has been challenged. The Canadian Teachers' Federation argues that the case is not about spanking, but about enabling teachers to maintain order and create a positive, effective learning…

Examines in a contextual framework the curriculums used by community colleges to educate and train criminal justice students. Identifies philosophies used by different programs, and focuses on how they meet the needs of students and the industry. (AS)

The SALOMON project automatically summarizes Belgian criminal cases to improve access to existing and future court decisions. This article gives background information about the texts of the cases and describes the output, design models, and architecture of the SALOMON system. Evaluation of 700 criminal cases demonstrates that the algorithms have…