Most school districts expect and accept failure from substitute teachers. Current policies result in little or no student learning in classes taught by minimally qualified substitute teachers who receive low pay and scant recognition. Problems substitute teachers face and steps that might improve their situation are discussed. (PP)

Describes the experiences of a middle school substitute teacher working with a diverse group of students. Highlights how the actual experience of working with and disciplining students differed from what the teacher had learned as theory and questions whether it is possible to educate in a democratic manner without centralized coercion. (SM)

At many higher education institutions, there is increasing reliance on the services of part-time, instead of full-time, faculty. This article presents critical information on the ethics of employing these adjunct faculty, a trend that is especially prominent in community colleges. The paper's introduction discusses adjunct wages, working…

Many recent studies have revealed a dramatic increase in teacher absenteeism. Some findings indicate that absenteeism increases following collective bargaining agreements that provide a set number of days that employees may be compensated for illness. There appears to be a growing public reaction to such absenteeism. A New York study noted that…

This final report describes activities and accomplishments of a 5-year project at the University of San Francisco (California) to recruit and train minority and bilingual paraeducators (instructional assistants and teacher aides) and noncertified substitute teachers to receive a special education (mild-moderate) credential and master's degree with…

In this series of six articles, authors discuss training part-time technical teachers who have no teaching background, substitute teachers, obtaining up-to-date equipment at no cost, volunteer programs, keeping in touch with the community, and citizenship education. (JOW)

Describes possible sources of tension between day-care center staff and parents, including unmet expectations on both sides, unexpected substitute teachers, difficult transitions from one class to another, biting children, children's reluctance to leave the center at the end of the day, and parents' failure to read center announcements. Suggests…

In many urban schools, finding qualified substitutes has become very difficult. As the need for substitutes increases in growing districts, standards become more relaxed. Students lose out because many substitutes lack skills to teach or even control a classroom. The article examines how some districts deal with the problem. (SM)

The purposes of this paper were to review the literature and examine the available research in the area of the effectiveness of substitute teachers in secondary education; and to identify problems and suggested remedies associated with substitute teaching from the perspectives of school administrators, substitute teachers, and students. The…

This report provides statistics on employment, evaluation, and training practices and procedures of American public school substitute teachers. A questionnaire was mailed to the directors of substitute teachers in 401 randomly selected school districts. Usable information was returned by 259 school systems (64.6 percent) in 49 states and the…

Reports the findings of a survey that identified the following eight categories of professional needs of substitute teachers: discipline, classroom plans and procedures, knowledge of programs, learner differences, organizing/managing learning experiences, professional role, and school rules/regulations. (HOD)

The lives of students with special needs are often chaotic, and they have difficulty with organization. The unfamiliar experience of a new substitute teacher can spring chaos into their lives. It is important to teach students, particularly those with special learning needs, techniques for coping with the unavoidable changes that occur when a…

Discusses one child care center director's attempts to solve the problem of finding a reliable substitute teacher by sharing one substitute teacher between two day care centers. Also discusses the effectiveness of such a solution. (BB)

This annotated bibliography reviews 12 publications dealing with substitute teaching, including an article listing at least five ways principals can avoid problems with substitute teachers, a guidebook providing detailed advice for substitute teachers, an article suggesting community people with special knowledge be called in as an alternative to…

The revised (1979) regulations governing the certification of educational personnel in the state of Vermont are presented. Part I contains general information on statutory changes, April 1, 1971; transition from 1965 to 1979 regulations; and how to apply for a certificate. Included also is information on program approval for teacher education and…