Resolving the perennial problem of substitute teachers' high turnover and low availability is feasible, if principals welcome, orient, and assign them properly. Regular teachers should prepare a folder containing class lists, daily schedules, seating charts, expectations of students, and meaningful lesson plans. Substitutes should be treated as…

A survey of superintendents from seven New Jersey counties revealed that most districts provided little training for substitutes or teachers using them, despite employing an average of 5,320 subs weekly. Teachers, substitutes, and students provided suggestions for improvement. Substitutes prefer schools with strong support systems. (MLH)

China's education system has grown increasingly complex, creating the need for an annual critical review of the education system by China's top scholars. The "Blue Book of Education," as it is known in Chinese, has gained a reputation for offering the most penetrating perspective in China on educational reform and development. In this…

This book will help teachers better relate to, understand, and love their job by providing a professional resource that contains innovative ideas, visuals, and reproducibles that can be referenced quickly to help make the job easier. This comprehensive resource offers practical teaching techniques, solutions, and tips on: (1) Planning and…

This handbook presents findings of a 2-year study that examined the role of the substitute teacher. Findings showed that the problems with substitute-teacher programs were a result of nonmanagement rather than mismanagement. The book offers recommendations for designing, implementing, and maintaining quality substitute-teacher programs. The first…

Practical suggestions for creating and maintaining a productive and positive classroom environment are presented in this guide for substitute teachers. Suggestions for executing emergency lesson plans as well as tips for effective management techniques are included. Substitutes are advised to: visit the school or call the teacher ahead of time if…

This practicum addressed communication enhancement between classroom and substitute teachers by implementing a substitute teacher management program to improve the quality of information and materials teachers made available to substitutes. A systematic method by which substitutes learned school policies and procedures was also developed and…

Addressed to teachers, administrators, resource and referral workers, and substitutes, this booklet offers advice about finding and retaining good substitute child care workers. Sections concern (1) causes of the "crisis" in substitute care, including the expansion of child care, provider turnover, shortage of elementary school teachers,…

Following a brief review of research and literature regarding the needs of secondary school substitute teachers, suggestions for helping these teachers do an effective, professional job are offered. Research indicates that understanding of the subject matter along with understanding of various learning approaches enhances the substitute teacher's…

The development and validation of an instrument to assess the needs and concerns of elementary school substitutes are described. A literature review identified nine categories of needs for substitute teachers. A factor analysis of item responses for a sample of elementary school substitutes corroborated the existence of nine underlying factors.…

Explores the roles of substitute teachers in public high schools by focusing on recruitment, socialization, the round-of-work, task demands, and adaptations of order maintenance and assignment execution. (AOS)

This study focused on three areas of supply teachers' (N=20) experiences: their background and views about the job; how they negotiated their first meetings with new classes; and their response to inappropriate behavior. The disadvantages of supply teaching cited by these teachers outweighed advantages cited by two to one. (IAH)

This article discusses substitute teaching in urban and suburban schools, discipline problems encountered by substitute teachers, and creative solutions devised by some of these teachers for the academic and behavior problems they face. (IAH)

Describes the development of a substitute teacher graduate internship program in Fairfield, Connecticut's public schools. The program educates and trains graduate pre-service teachers at the local university, subsequently employing them as substitutes within the school district. At the conclusion of the internship year, graduate students, who have…