Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is a prevalent yet underrecognized cause of sensorineural hearing loss and neurodevelopmental disorders in children. While CMV infection is typically asymptomatic in healthy individuals, its transmission during pregnancy can result in significant and lasting health consequences for the fetus. Despite its global impact, awareness of cCMV remains low, particularly among pregnant women and healthcare professionals, contributing to the under-diagnosis and inadequate management of affected infants. This manuscript reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and long-term outcomes of cCMV infection, emphasizing the critical need for preventive measures, including increased awareness and education. The paper also discusses the role of screening programs, highlighting the potential benefits of universal or targeted approaches in early detection and intervention. Despite advances in understanding cCMV, significant gaps remain in knowledge about its long-term cognitive effects and the effectiveness of various interventions. Further research is needed to explore the lived experiences of individuals with cCMV and their caregivers, identify gaps in healthcare, and develop comprehensive, family-centered intervention strategies.