Since World War II, women have become a permanent part of the American work force but are under-represented in most scientific professions. Researchers are now aware of gender influences on expectations and achievement in academic settings, with research indicating that females have lower expectations of competence in science-related professions.…

This manual is designed for social service agencies, educational institutions, and other organizations who want to strengthen their programming for economicaly disadvantaged teenage girls and young women. It provides materials for the development and implementation of NEW PASS, a unique career awareness program that uses nontraditional employment…

A project was designed to identify factors that predispose young women to choose and remain in sex-atypical jobs in the military and in civilian firms. Data were from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Labor Market Behavior, a longitudinal study with annual interviews from 1979 through 1983 of youth between the ages of 14 and 21 in the…

Legal provisions for sex equity are found in Title II of the Education Amendments of 1976 and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Although occupational opportunities for women expanded beyond the traditionally sex-segregated occupations during the World War II era, in the seventies legislators decided to require further changes. State…

A statewide needs assessment in vocational education focused on the needs of displaced homemakers and other special groups in Florida. Specifically, the survey provided (1) a demographic profile of adults in Florida, particularly those described as displaced homemakers, single heads of households, part-time workers, and people desiring work in…

As part of a longitudinal study of women's and coeducational college graduates, women's career salience ratings and aspirations were compared. Participants were 1979 female graduates of 15 small, private, liberal arts colleges in the northeastern United States that had three selectivity levels: selective, very selective, and highly selective. A…

Recent research in the area of masculine and feminine personality characteristics has led to conflicting results about the adaptive value of androgyny. To investigate the relationship between sex-typing and self-reported job satisfaction and performance in the male-dominated field of engineering, 346 male and 346 female engineers completed the…

A comparative followup technique was used to assess sex nontraditional vocational training efforts in Oklahoma during the 1978-79 and 1979-80 school years. The dropout behavior, labor force participation, unemployment, training related employment, and wages of sex nontraditional and sex traditional students were compared. Training and labor…

Developed to assist vocational students, nontraditional by sex, in finding and keeping training-related jobs, this manual contains strategies for use by all vocational educators--instructors, administrators, and placement specialists. It is intended for use with potential employers, nontraditional and traditional vocational students, advisory…

Three papers present views on women in technology programs and occupations, and on Corning Community College's (CCC's) program to encourage women to enter technological fields in which they have been historically underrepresented. First, Edward F. Herman presents the historical background to the development of CCC's Women in Technology program,…

This monograph presents an overview of the employment situation in regard to women, describes trends occurring in women's career choices, and presents five hypotheses, with suggestions for accompanying activities, from which counselors may choose in counseling women for nontraditional careers. The five alternative hypotheses are as follows: (1)…

Differences among college types and among selectivity levels that may affect women's career aspirations were studied. Graduates of six women's colleges and nine coeducational colleges were compared for three levels of admission selectivity in relation to level of the organizational ladder being pursued, innovativeness of chosen career, and plans…

The underrepresentation of women in high status, traditionally male professions can be attributed to sex-role socialization and discrimination. To examine the relationship between personal characteristics and stress in a sex-role incongruent situation, female (N=64) and male (N=21) engineering, management, and pre-medical students completed…

The underrepresentation of minority females in mathematics and science occupations raises questions about the role of secondary school counselors in the career choices of these students. Data from a mail survey of school counselors and guidance directors (N=125) were analyzed to examine the relationship of two dependent variables, i.e., enrollment…

Women who, as adolescents, feared success in male-dominated fields, may demonstrate non-traditional career preferences later in life and return to school to pursue their new career aspirations. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 women over age 30 who were enrolled in graduate or professional schools. Data showed that mature women students…