Memory retrieval is well known to modify retention of not only retrieved material, but also related, non-retrieved material. This dissertation consists of two manuscripts that investigated retrieval phenomena in the learning of foreign language vocabulary and science education material. The testing effect--the retention benefit of practicing…

Determining the content type preferences of adult learners in online learning environments makes important contributions to presenting adaptive content to adults. In this research, content type preferences and interaction patterns of adults in online learning environments were determined. Video, interactive video, textual content, presentation,…

German language classrooms lack authentic materials, especially at the intermediate and beginner levels. Authentic materials are generally substituted for mock materials in the target language, which creates an unrealistic and inauthentic second language (L2) environment. Additionally, authentic materials are oftentimes reserved for advanced L2…

This report reviews studies on language teachers as materials developers in language education, particularly focusing on how language teachers act as materials users, materials analysts, and materials designers when engaging with language learning and teaching materials. We contend that the three dimensions of materials development - that is,…

Teachers and students have experienced an unusual year in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. To minimize the risk of the epidemic spreading, face-to-face lecturing hours have been reduced, resulting in a substantial need for online instruction. Our project thus aims to develop open access flipped learning resources (e.g. dynamic courseware and…

This study examined the effects of spaced practice on second language (L2) vocabulary learning under different learning conditions. One hundred fifty Korean learners of L2 English were divided into five groups: one control (no treatment) and four experimental groups based on learning condition (fill-in-the-blanks vs. flashcards) and spacing type…

The technical barriers to video production are decreasing and the popularity of video as an instructional medium in science is increasing. Although a large body of education research is available to inform the selection and design of instructional videos, this research is dispersed across journals, disciplinary traditions, and STEM fields, and the…

Despite the advantages proffered by technology in science education, little has been done to develop and validate innovative technology-based instructional materials on Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. It is imperative to test any newly generated instructional materials to validate their quality before being widely used. Hence, this study aimed…

In traditional mathematics lectures the instructor normally writes the definitions, theorems, and proofs covered on the board, and gives informal oral explanations that help to make sense of them. The students have to take notes. However, there are serious problems concerning students' note-taking in traditional mathematics lectures. Students…

E-learning has become an increasingly popular mode of teaching college students, including students in the field of kinesiology. With the rise of e-learning, it is important to examine and understand specific components of online learning, such as educational podcasts. Educational podcasts are podcasts that are developed specifically for learning…

The aim of this study is to illustrate how to enrich resource rooms with specialized instructional materials for the concepts of "transparent," "semi-transparent," and "non-transparent." Given the special situations of students with learning disabilities, the specialized instructional materials use their own avatars…

How language learners and teachers actually use "pedagogical materials" in classrooms is a 'groundbreaking' subject of applied linguistics inquiry (Tarone, 2014, p. 653), referred to in this research agenda article as "materials use." We begin with a theoretically-oriented overview of language education scholarship on…

The game is an important tool that provides motivation for the individual at almost any age while entertaining it, as well as providing achievements to the individual and socially. The use of this tool as an educational tool or material can help increase the success of learning-teaching processes. For this reason, the aim of this research was to…

Note-taking in tertiary education is a challenging activity which requires listening, processing and recording new information at the same time. However, in lectures at a high presentation rate, students often have to choose between these activities. One solution which is frequently proposed to mitigate this problem is the use of guided notes,…

We investigated how to optimize the effectiveness of retrieval-based learning when the instructional text comprises seductive details (i.e., interesting but irrelevant text adjuncts). Specific questions during retrieval practice should help students focus their recall on main ideas--and not on seductive details, which should in turn foster delayed…