Examined type of situation and sex of the counselor in assertive training. Female subjects were given training in making complaints, small talk, and saying no to unreasonable requests. Significant improvement occurred. Subjects seen by a male counselor changed significantly more than subjects seen by a female counselor. (Author)

Three types of correlations were used to examine interrelationships of scales for therapist empathy, warmth, genuineness, self-disclosure, and immediacy. Immediacy and self-disclosure were not significantly related to empathy and warmth for high-facilitative therapists. Results suggest use of all facilitative scales is best justified when ongoing…

Researched hypothesis-testing strategies (HTSs) used by counselors. Undergraduates and counselors-in-training interacted with a computer-simulated client counselor, then counselor. Of the three HTSs (confirmatory, disconfirmatory, and unbiased), the unbiased HTS was preferred choice of HTS, was stable across time and with different feedback, and…

Doctoral students (N=58) from counseling and clinical psychology programs were assessed for level of awareness of countertransference feelings and theoretical framework during the counseling hour. Results suggest that greater awareness of feelings relates to less withdrawal of involvement (a countertransference behavior) and that a combination of…

Observed Shostrom's (1966) psychotherapy demonstration films, rating the interpersonal behavior of Gloria or the therapist on a checklist inventory measure. Found significant differences in the interpersonal behaviors of the three therapists with Gloria, and of Gloria with them. Analyses of transactional patterns showed departures of Gloria's…

Tested two theoretical explanations for attraction-enhancing effects of counselor self-disclosure by constructing counseling analogue which varied the valence (positive or negative) of a counselor's disclosure and its relevance to client's presenting problem. Clients were 70 male college students. Results were mixed, supporting social exchange…

Provides comprehensive description of methodology used in national study on competencies of vocational rehabilitation practitioners in major specializations and employment settings, giving special attention to sampling design and instrument development phases. Also gives detailed descriptive information on characteristics of respondents.…

Suggests that though counseling process and skills can be adapted to organization development (OD) and some counselors may act as change agents, counseling skills in and of themselves are not sufficient in undertaking comprehensive OD interventions. Proposes theory and practice changes for applying organizational development to counseling and…

Counseling relationships were assessed through the social influence framework. Results indicate that counselor trustworthiness and client motivation contribute to counseling outcome. (Author)

Employed a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 design to investigate predictions of social influence theory with respect to subjects' evaluations of the counselors. Multivariate and univariate analyses supported social influence theory. No gender differences were present. (Author/ABB)

Female college students (N=75) completed measures of social intimacy, sex role type, locus of control, therapy expectancy, and authoritarianism; then rated videotaped intimate and nonintimate sessions with a female psychotherapist. Socially intimate subjects preferred an intimate therapist, assigning her significantly higher levels of intimacy,…

Administered the Carkhuff Communication Index (CCI) and the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons (ATDP) scale to master's degree students (N=20) in rehabilitation counseling. Results indicated that nondisabled counselor trainees were rated significantly higher on the CCI but scored significantly lower on the ATDP scale than disabled counselor…

The effects of two levels of counselor similarity and expertness and two types of clients' problems on perceptions of the counselor's competence were tested in this analogue study. Results indicated that suggestions of expertness led to higher evaluations of counselors for both problems. (Author)

In the last two decades, the international student population has increased in the United States. Although these students demonstrate a need for counseling services, they often underutilize what counseling services colleges and universities have available. Researchers have reported that people from different ethnic and social groups display…

Counselors appear different from the general norms on the L, K, Hy, Pd, Mf, Ma, Si, Es, Do, Re St, and Pr scales but only the L, K, Ma and Si scales distinguish between counselors and persons in other professions. Only the Ma and Sc scales show promise of discriminating between effective and ineffective counselors in training. (Author)