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Cross, Theodore; Slater, Robert Bruce – Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 1994
In 1992, only four blacks in the entire country earned a Ph.D. in mathematics. In the 25 highest-ranked universities, there are only 5 black mathematics professors. Traditional academic beliefs about the inability of blacks to do abstract thinking appear partly responsible. (SLD)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Beliefs, Blacks, College Faculty
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Baron, Jonathan – Journal of Moral Education, 1990
Outlines an instructional approach for teaching moral thinking, based on considering consequences of alternative options. Discusses R. M. Hare's two-level theory of moral thinking, and cautions against relying solely on critical thinking for moral education. Suggests students must learn open-minded thinking, be aware of the consequences of their…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Attitude Change, Bias, Cognitive Development
Bracey, Gerald W. – Phi Delta Kappan, 1999
The 1996 National Assessment of Educational Progress math scores for eighth-graders show that when socioeconomic status is considered, English-proficient Asian students have no achievement advantage over other ethnic groups. However, Chinese sixth-graders, using abstract reasoning skills, outperformed American students on 12 open-ended math…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Asian Americans, Comparative Education, Elementary Secondary Education
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Subbotsky, E. – Human Development, 1995
Examines two different types of human motivation, pragmatic and nonpragmatic. Experimental studies in preschool-age children in both the former Soviet Union and Western cultures are presented. Suggests that the two contrasting conceptions of human motivation lead to totally different practical strategies for transforming human motivation in…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Cultural Influences
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Johnson, Patsy E.; Johnson, Robert E. – Journal of Research and Development in Education, 1996
Middle school teachers (n=123) in 2 southeastern states completed surveys examining the relationship of their abstract-concrete thinking levels to their multiethnic beliefs. Teachers' beliefs about multiethnic issues varied according to their individual thinking styles, with concrete thinkers holding beliefs that were less likely to nurture…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Style, Intermediate Grades, Junior High Schools
Daly, William T. – 1995
In the light of significant changes in contemporary society that demand high level thinking skills of professional workers, this monograph explores the nature of independent thinking and principles of teaching independent thinking, particularly to college freshmen. A section on independent thinking outlines abstract, creative, and systematic…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, College Freshmen
Li, Tiancheng; Jonassen, David H. – 1996
Theories of situated learning attempt to overcome the ill-structured nature of some domains of learning, and to use students' tendencies to construct knowledge representation on context and prior experience. Success comes when students apply abstract principles to real life. This study compares the effectiveness of two different lesson structures…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Academic Achievement, Case Studies, Comparative Analysis
Bitner, Betty L. – 1992
The purpose of this causal-comparative study was to compare reasoning level, American College Test (ACT) science, process skills, and physical science misconceptions of preservice elementary and secondary science teachers and to investigate gender differences. The stratified randomly drawn sample (n=68) consisted of preservice elementary and…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Elementary Secondary Education, Higher Education, Logical Thinking
Jegede, Olugbemiro J.; Noordink, Peter – 1993
This study investigated the perception of university teachers regarding what critical thinking skills are needed for successful undergraduate study, and determined the relative importance of these skills within and across academic disciplines. A total of 31 university teachers in 6 academic disciplines of Physical Sciences, Biological Sciences,…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Academic Achievement, College Faculty, Critical Thinking
Garrett, Kimberly N.; Busby, Rosetta F.; Pasnak, Robert – 1998
This study examined the effect of an innovative teaching activity to improve concrete operational thinking skills with preschoolers in Head Start programs. A "learning set" of classification games and seriation games was used to teach the oddity principle and insertion into a series. These games were played with the children using toy ponies and…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, At Risk Persons, Class Activities, Classification
Broudy, Harry S. – 1987
This monograph sets forth a theoretical basis for advocating a program of disciplinary arts education as an integral part of general education from kindergarten through grade 12. The title, "The Role of Imagery in Learning," indicates the centrality of aesthetic perception of images. To make the case, it is necessary to show by analysis,…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Aesthetic Education, Aesthetic Values, Art Education
English, Lyn D. – 1993
A powerful way of understanding something new is by analogy with something already known. An analogy is defined as a mapping from one structure, which is already known (the base or source), to another structure that is to be inferred or discovered (the target). The research community has given considerable attention to analogical reasoning in the…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Analogy, Basic Skills, Cognitive Structures
Literacy Beat, 1988
Adeptness in abstractions and analysis--the language of math--is at least as important as adeptness at reading words for individuals in business and industry. Mathematics literacy stimulates the problem-solving and critical thinking skills that the workplace now demands. A National Assessment of Educational Progress study found that about half of…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Course Selection (Students), Education Work Relationship, Educational Needs
Decker, Barbara C.; Silverman, Fredrick L. – 1986
Effective teaching strategies must be developed to help students bridge the gap between concrete operational thinking and full formal thinking in the content areas. Reading for meaning requires readers to categorize subjects, recognize relationships, develop and maintain a sequence of thought, recognize and understand inferences, and draw…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Development, Content Area Reading, Critical Thinking
Shemesh, Michal; Lazarowitz, Reuven – 1985
This study investigated: (1) whether boys and girls master formal reasoning tasks to the same degree at the same age; (2) if the variance of boys' and girls' performance in formal tasks could be predicted by the same cognitive learning abilities; and (3) what are the main and interactional effects of age, sex, and school type on the variance of…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Age, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Development
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