The modular exponentiation, y[equivalent to]x[superscript k](mod n) with x,y,k,n integers and n [greater than] 1; is the most fundamental operation in RSA and ElGamal public-key cryptographic systems. Thus the efficiency of RSA and ElGamal depends entirely on the efficiency of the modular exponentiation. The same situation arises also in elliptic…

This report focuses on prospective secondary mathematics teachers' understanding of irrational numbers. Various dimensions of participants' knowledge regarding the relation between the two sets, rational and irrational, are examined. Three issues are addressed: richness and density of numbers, the fitting of rational and irrational numbers on the…

Presents a system for quick conversion of Chinese cyclical-binary dates to western year dates. (CHK)

The problem of getting a correct result when a fraction is reduced by cancelling a digit which appears in both the numerator and the denominator is extended from the base ten situation to any number base. (DT)

Shows how the Sumerian language imposed the sexagesimal character of its numeration upon the graphic system

All the familiar numbers (rationals, algebraic numbers and a few transcendental numbers) have measure zero. (MM)

A proposal is made for a careful study of the various units of measurement now in use throughout the world, combined with recall of benefits of the number system, in order to develop a new system. Suggested changes are illustrated. (MNS)

Examines three strands of elementary mathematics--numerals and counting, recording and calculating, and mathematics exploration and play--and provides ways to integrate culture and mathematics experiences in each area. Specific topics include Egyptian methods for multiplication, the abacus, and the words for the numbers 1-10 in seven different…

Different representations of rational numbers are considered and students are lead through activities that explore patterns in base ten and other bases. With this students are encouraged to solve problems and investigate situations designed to foster flexible thinking about rational numbers.