Considers three areas of research in which currently accepted research practices are contrasted with alternative practices in order to establish the validity of the incumbent and/or the value of the newer approach. Implications for appropriate research methodology in counseling psychology are discussed. (Author/RC)

In two trials, subjects completed the Depression Adjective Checklist as they felt, or were instructed to "fake good,""fake bad," or "fake average." Discussed findings for "fake bad" and "fake good" in terms of ability of an examiner to detect the manipulative set through grossly deviant scores.…

Describes two experiments conducted to explain why retarded children of younger mental age appear to be more selective on discrimination tasks containing relevant redundant cues than do children of older mental age. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the latter group of children are overselective because they tend to solve…

Two experiments using undergraduates confirmed the hypothesis that external statements in the Rotter Internal External Locus of Control Scale are more depressing in tone than internal statements. Thus, depressed subjects may respond to external items due to item mood level rather than locus of control. (Author/JKS)

The effect of cheat-sheets on later test performance was investigated. Results indicated poorer test performance when a cheat-sheet was made and not used, compared to when it was made and used, not made, or made with the awareness that it could not be used during testing. (Author/MH)

Three studies investigating the psychometric and conceptual properties of the self-report Survey of Ethical Attitudes inventory indicated that the scale is clearly susceptible to response dissimulation through role playing and impression management and is also confounded with sources of stylistic variance in the form of social desirability.…

A battery of Graphic Information Processing Tests (GRIP) was developed to utilize the display characteristics of computer terminals in measuring abilities important for processing visually presented information. The tests were found to be useful for measuring short-term memory and sequential reasoning abilities. (Author/RC)

Owen's Bayesian tailored testing method is introduced along with a brief review of its derivation. The characteristics of a good item bank are outlined and explored in terms of their influence on the Bayesian tailoring process. (Author/RC)

The effect on examinee performance of the rule that multiple-choice (MC) test items require the acceptance of 1 choice was examined for 106 dental students presented with choices in MC and multiple true-false formats. MC items force examinees to select one choice, which causes artificial acceptance of correct/incorrect choices. (SLD)

Presents three studies on development of Scientist-Practitioner Inventory (SPI) designed to measure career specialty interests of psychology students. Reports factorial validity of scales, test-retest reliability, freedom from response-set biases, and construct validity; cross-validation evidence of second-order factor structure, internal…

This study examined the effects of different types of computer-assisted feedback strategies (knowledge of correct response, knowledge of response, and elaborative) and different types of information (facts, concepts, and principles) on student achievement and response confidence. Findings indicated a positive correlation between achievement and…

Twenty-six graduate psychology students at 2 Midwestern public universities used a self-report questionnaire for an exploratory study to rate interactions with faculty based on mode of address. When students addressed faculty by first name, they rated faculty as more approachable and helpful, and they felt more valued and respected by faculty than…

Reliable Digit Span (RDS) is an indicator used to assess the validity of cognitive test performance. Scores of 7 or lower suggest poor effort or negative response bias. The possibility that RDS scores are also affected by pain has not been addressed thus potentially threatening RDS specificity. The current study used cold pressor-induced pain to…

Findings of a study that investigated the effect of administrative stressors on administrators' coping responses and the consequences of those responses are presented in this paper. Based on the managerial stress cycle model (Gmelch 1982), the study uses the transactional perspective, which views stress as an individual's physiological or…

The Monitoring the Future study surveys high school seniors annually. Data from a special survey of high school seniors (N=1,050) conducted in 1978 designed to complement the annual Monitoring the Future survey were compared to data from the 1978 Monitoring the Future survey of approximately 18,000 high school seniors. Means and correlations were…