According to temporal distinctiveness models, items that are temporally isolated from their neighbors during list presentation are more distinct and thus should be recalled better. Event-based theories, by contrast, deny that time plays a role at encoding and predict no beneficial effect of temporal isolation, although they acknowledge that a…

Some previous studies of visual word recognition have reported an interaction between visual field and word length (measured by number of letters), such that recognition is affected more by word length for words presented in the left than for words presented in the right visual field. However, when manipulating serial position of letters in words…

The ReitOR Agency has for the first time posted its ratings of colleges and universities in the Volga Federal District of Russia based on criteria of public assessment, having designated institutions in the following priority areas of training: machine building, energy, communications and telecommunications, management and economics, and gas and…

Although many studies have shown an association between verbal short-term memory (STM) and vocabulary development, the precise nature of this association is not yet clear. The current study reexamined this relation in 4- to 6-year-olds by designing verbal STM tasks that maximized memory for either item or serial order information. Although…

Investigates why young children who cannot seriate on the standard Piagetian task do seriate when given a task that uses different materials. Explores the process by which various levels of seriation ability are achieved. Findings are consistent with information-processing analyses of development but conflict with Piagetian stage theory.…

The primacy model is presented as a new model of serial recall. This model stores order information by means of the assumption that the strength of activation of successive list items decreases across list position to form a primary gradient. The model produces accurate simulation of the effects of word length, list length, and phonological…

Memory for repeated items often improves when repetitions are separated by other items-a phenomenon called the spacing effect. In two experiments, we explored the complex interaction between study strategies, serial position, and spacing effects. When people studied several unmixed lists, they initially used mainly rote rehearsal, but some people…

Two experiments examined the ability of preschool children to reason about the numerical relations greater than and less than. Results showed that children as young as 21/2 years of age could make number-based relational judgments and compare two number pairs on the basis of a common ordering relation. (Author/JMB)

Investigated the seriation ability of two groups of four-year-old children with differing levels of language functioning. Results indicated that subjects with delayed language development demonstrated a severe delay in seriation ability, while subjects with normally developing language demonstrated seriation ability commensurate with their…

The mean and variance of the number of turning points in random permutations are evaluated. These results are applied to a test of randomness of fluctuations.

This commentary on the article by B. Gawronski and G. V. Bodenhausen (see record 2006-10465-003) highlights the strengths of the associative-propositional evaluation model. It then describes problems in proposing a qualitative separation between propositional and associative processes. Propositional processes are instead described as associative.…

When pictures and words are presented serially in an explicit memory task, recall of the pictures is superior. While this effect is well established in the adult population, little is known of the development of this picture-superiority effect in typical development. This task was administered to 80 participants from middle childhood to…