A study of sex-role identification partly confirmed two hypotheses: (1) the social relationships of late childhood have attributes which encourage the feminine stereotype rather than the masculine stereotype; and (2) children of both sexes who attest to masculine characteristics feel higher levels of discordance than those who attest to female…

Explores the differences in masculinity-femininity between women who enroll in higher level mathematics courses and those who do not. Contrasts personality traits, attitudes, and role behaviors of the two groups of women. Results indicate that the two groups differ on a number of variables including background and vocational interests. (Author/SA)

Consciousness-raising groups provide a means through which males can come to a greater awareness of how maleness affects their lives. (Author)

This study examined gender-based differential item functioning (DIF) on the 10th-grade history achievement test administered as part of the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88), which followed 24,599 8th graders into 10th and 12th grades. Several DIF analyses with varying matching criteria were conducted, and the results were…

Psychological and physiological stress indices were taken from collegiate swimmers of both sexes. Later a scale of self-reported masculinity and femininity was administered. Males had higher systolic blood pressure but lower self-reported anxiety and hostility with the stress of competition. Differences in relative masculinity/femininity allow…

Investigated the structure of sex role self-descriptors. Factor analyzed responses of female and male undergraduates to the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Seven factors emerged: personal warmth, social dominance, autonomy, affect, masculinity-feminity, vulnerability, and responsibility. Results support a multidimensional conception of…

Demonstrates the theoretical relevance of developing critical pedagogical practices in which issues of representation and democratic transformation mutually inform each other. Engages a popular Hollywood film, "Baby Boy," in order to demonstrate how this film might be used as both a social transcript and a form of public pedagogy. (SG)

Presents a study examining individual differences, such as sex, gender, self-discrepancies, and self awareness. Determined how the differences affect anger and verbal aggressiveness among a sample of U.S. college students (n=445). Reports that repressing anger is explained by masculinity and public self-awareness; while expressing anger is caused…

Examined the commonly expressed ambition of African Canadian male youth to win athletic scholarships to U.S. universities, noting why they believed it was possible to realize these aspirations. Data from conversations with African Canadian male high school basketball players indicated that students used strategies, such as attending the right…

Interviews and observations involving 20 coal miners and 7 trainers found the group constructed a community of practice that reinforced the culture of masculinity. Miners learned safety measures through experience and from coworkers. Trainers viewed their work as simulated environments and codified practices, which implicitly devalue experiential…

Describes a well-behaved, hard-working, poor, white, working class British boy trying to achieve academically in an inner-city boys' comprehensive school while simultaneously maintaining his standing within the male peer group culture, discussing possibilities of bringing together white working-class masculinities with educational success in…

The relationship between identity and intimacy development was studied using 71 male and 71 female college students over a 5-week period using 3 theoretical models reflecting possible gender distinctions. Cross-lag panel correlation investigated the validity of the models. Evidence in support of the models is evaluated. (SLD)

Examines the effect of the content of reading material on students' perceptions of reading as masculine or feminine. Finds that during the second grade, students' views on reading change from sex-neutral to more feminine than masculine, and that the content or genre of the reading material influences this perception. (RS)

Investigated responses of 509 white/European American and African American men to dominant norms of masculinity within the United States and presents a model for male identity formation, including cultural influences, dominant cultural norms, and specific circumstances. Results suggest that at age 18, both groups report similar perspectives about…

The Mentors in Violence Prevention Project seeks to reduce violence against women by inspiring male athletes and other models of traditional masculinity to challenge norms that equate strength in men with dominance over women and to use their influence for positive behavior change. (SK)