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Qian, Gaoyin; Alvermann, Donna – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1995
The relationship between epistemological beliefs and learned helplessness and between conceptual understanding and application reasoning in conceptual change learning were investigated for 212 high school science students. Results support the importance of epistemological beliefs in predicting conceptual change learning. Implications for science…
Descriptors: Beliefs, Concept Formation, Epistemology, Helplessness

Dweck, Carol S.; Kamins, Melissa L. – Developmental Psychology, 1999
Two studies had children role-play successful and unsuccessful tasks to test the hypothesis that both criticism and praise that conveyed person or trait judgments could send a message of contingent worth and undermine subsequent coping. Found that 5- to 6-year olds displayed significantly more "helpless" responses after person criticism or praise…
Descriptors: Adult Child Relationship, Coping, Criticism, Helplessness
Wolf, Fredric M.; Savickas, Mark L. – 1981
Recent work in attribution theory has shown the importance of not only the distinction between beliefs in internal and external causes, but also between relatively fixed, stable causes and those more unstable and subject to change. The relationships of causal attributions for success and failure in achievement and social affiliation with…
Descriptors: Ability, Achievement, Adolescents, Attribution Theory
Harris, Bruce; Klein, Kitty – 1980
In recent years the college dormitory has become a popular setting for examining chronic effects of crowding and high density in humans. Possible differences between corridor- and suite-type residents were investigated to examine the degree to which corridor- and suite-design dormitories influence assertive behavior of the residents. It was…
Descriptors: Assertiveness, Behavior Patterns, Building Design, College Students
Sex Differences in Learned Helplessness: I. Differential Debilitation with Peer and Adult Evaluators

Bush, Ellen S.; Dweck, Carol S. – Developmental Psychology, 1976
Peer and adult evaluators were used to examine sex differences in responses of 108 fifth graders to failure feedback. Performance in boys improved with feedback from adult agents but did not change with peer feedback. Performance in girls improved with peer feedback but showed little improvement with adult feedback. (GO)
Descriptors: Academic Failure, Adults, Elementary School Students, Feedback
Hoy, Cheri – Academic Therapy, 1986
To prevent learned helplessness in learning disabled students, teachers can share responsibilities with the students, train students to reinforce themselves for effort and self control, and introduce opportunities for changing counterproductive attitudes. (CL)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Helplessness, Learning Disabilities, Prevention
Kay, Marilyn – Academic Therapy, 1986
Passivity in learning disabled children is identified as either inborn or as "learned helplessness," and the role of the teacher in overcoming passivity is noted. Teachers can help students understand themselves, become active agents in learning, and use self monitoring devices. (CL)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Helplessness, Learning Disabilities, Self Evaluation (Individuals)

McReynolds, William T. – Journal of Research in Personality, 1980
The essentials of learned helplessness theory are described and supporting evidence surveyed. The explanation Seligman and Maier give for these findings is critically analyzed. A schedule-shift discrimination theory of learned helplessness effects is also discussed. (Author)
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior, Cognitive Measurement, Depression (Psychology)

Bennett, Jeanine; And Others – Physical Educator, 1982
A study into the effects of physical exercise on levels of depression in older adults showed that greater physical activity is a factor in improving emotional and physical well-being. Findings indicate that there is significant improvement in the emotional states of those older individuals who participated in the physical exercise program. (JN)
Descriptors: Depression (Psychology), Educational Research, Exercise Physiology, Helplessness

Pittman, Nancy L.; Pittman, Thane S. – Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1979
Descriptors: Anxiety, College Students, Depression (Psychology), Emotional Response

Wood, Carolyn J. – Journal of Employment Counseling, 1989
Describes learned helplessness and its effect on ability of displaced homemakers to enter or reenter the work force successfully. Suggests that success in making transition from homemaker to worker may depend on attributions women provide for their failed or ended marriages. Discusses ways in which counselors may assist displaced homemakers in…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Career Counseling, Counseling Techniques, Displaced Homemakers

Weiller, Karen H.; Higgs, Catriona T. – Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 1989
Although elementary reading series books appear to be largely nonsexist, school library books reflect certain prescribed roles for girls and boys in sports activities. Findings are presented from a study which examined 1,380 books to investigate the social information, regarding sports and work, that is communicated to young readers. (IAH)
Descriptors: Athletics, Childrens Literature, Elementary Education, Helplessness

Witkowski, Tomasz – Journal of Social Psychology, 1997
Tests the egotism hypothesis for poor performance following insoluble problems, and investigates the contribution of egotistic mechanisms to performance in perceived group affiliation and helpless threat conditions. Reports that participants in the failure and group-affiliation conditions performed better than others. Observes that this supports…
Descriptors: Egocentrism, Foreign Countries, Group Membership, Helplessness
Jankovic, Irwin N.; And Others – 1983
The view that humans fail to solve certain types of problems because they are helpless and passive originated from a series of studies with animals; subsequent research attempted to replicate the findings of the learned helplessness behavior with humans. In an attempt to replicate and extend the Hiroto and Seligman (1975) study of humans exposed…
Descriptors: College Students, Failure, Helplessness, Higher Education
Spence, Ian; Stan-Spence, Aileen – 1990
Learned helplessness is an insidious condition involving undeveloped executive functioning, lack of persistence, and an undeveloped sense of connecting new words or concepts into a web of meanings. Remedial teaching in most small-group, diagnostic/prescriptive settings encourages continued learned helplessness because students are dependent on the…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Classroom Environment, Elementary Secondary Education, Helplessness