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Freeman, John H.; Steinmetz, Adam B. – Learning & Memory, 2011
Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning has been used extensively as a model system for examining the neural mechanisms underlying associative learning. Delay eyeblink conditioning depends on the intermediate cerebellum ipsilateral to the conditioned eye. Evidence favors a two-site plasticity model within the cerebellum with long-term depression of…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Eye Movements, Brain
Cauvet, Elodie; Limissuri, Rita; Millotte, Severine; Skoruppa, Katrin; Cabrol, Dominique; Christophe, Anne – Language Learning and Development, 2014
In this experiment using the conditioned head-turn procedure, 18-month-old French-learning toddlers were trained to respond to either a target noun ("la balle"/"the ball") or a target verb ("je mange"/"I ea"t). They were then tested on target word recognition in two syntactic contexts: the target word was…
Descriptors: French, Word Recognition, Nouns, Toddlers
Meindl, James N. – Behavior Analyst, 2012
Stimuli that precede aversive events are typically less preferred than stimuli that precede nonaversive events. It has recently been demonstrated that stimuli that "follow" less preferred events may become favored more than stimuli that follow more preferred events. This phenomenon has been investigated under a variety of names, most commonly,…
Descriptors: Prediction, Stimuli, Models, Comparative Analysis
Leon, Samuel P.; Callejas-Aguilera, Jose E.; Rosas, Juan M. – Psicologica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, 2012
Context specificity of rats' conditioned taste aversion as a function of context experience was assessed in two experiments. Rats received a single pairing between a flavor X and a LiCl injection in a distinctive context (context A) being subsequently tested either in the same context or in a different but equally familiar context (context B).…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Conditioning, Animals, Animal Behavior
Dozier, Claudia L.; Iwata, Brian A.; Thomason-Sassi, Jessica; Worsdell, April S.; Wilson, David M. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2012
Some individuals with intellectual disabilities do not respond to praise as a reinforcer, which may limit their ability to learn. We evaluated 2 procedures (stimulus pairing and response-stimulus pairing), both of which involved pairing previously neutral praise statements with preferred edible items, to determine their usefulness in establishing…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Mental Retardation, Positive Reinforcement, Comparative Analysis
Schare, Mitchell L.; Wyatt, Kristin P. – Behavior Modification, 2013
Four articles examining methodological applications of exposure therapy and its limited dissemination were briefly reviewed. Methodological articles included those by Abramowitz et al., Gryczkowski et al., and Weiner and McKay, which addressed couple treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), modification of evidence-based anxiety…
Descriptors: Counseling Techniques, Behavior Disorders, Anxiety, Counseling Effectiveness
Longano, Jennifer M.; Greer, R. Douglas – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2015
Naming refers to the incidental acquisition of word-object relations as listener and speaker without explicit reinforcement. To investigate possible sources of reinforcement for naming, we examined the effects of a procedure for conditioning reinforcement for observing responses on the emergence of naming in children who previously lacked it. The…
Descriptors: Naming, Reinforcement, Conditioning, Responses
Reed, P.; Staytom, L.; Stott, S.; Truzoli, R. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2011
Background: This study investigated the relative ease of learning across four tasks suggested by an adaptation of Thomas's hierarchy of learning in children with Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorders and mental age-matched controls. Methods: Learning trials were carried out to investigate observational learning, instrumental learning, reversal…
Descriptors: Autism, Down Syndrome, Observational Learning, Conditioning
Payne, Steven W.; Dozier, Claudia L.; Neidert, Pamela L.; Jowett, Erica S.; Newquist, Matthew H. – Education and Treatment of Children, 2014
Functional analyses (FA) have proven useful for identifying contingencies that influence problem behavior. Research has shown that some problem behavior may only occur in specific contexts or be influenced by multiple or idiosyncratic variables. When these contexts or sources of influence are not assessed in an FA, further assessment may be…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Functional Behavioral Assessment, Preschool Children, Reinforcement
Egan, Claire E.; Barnes-Holmes, Dermot – Psychological Record, 2011
This study examined the functional independence of mand and tact operants in normally developing children and evaluated the role of S[superscript D]s in demonstrating emergent responding. In Experiment 1, 4 children aged 4 to 5 years, were trained to mand or tact using left/right relations, then were tested for the emergence of the untaught…
Descriptors: Verbal Operant Conditioning, Preschool Children, Reinforcement
Lepper, Tracy L.; Petursdottir, Anna Ingeborg; Esch, Barbara E. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2013
We evaluated the effects of operant discrimination training (ODT) on the vocalizations of 3 boys with autism. We compared ODT to a stimulus-stimulus pairing (SSP) condition and a control condition in an adapted alternating-treatments design. ODT increased the target vocalizations of all participants compared to the control condition, and its…
Descriptors: Operant Conditioning, Discrimination Learning, Males, Autism
Shanman, Derek – ProQuest LLC, 2013
In two experiments, I tested for the presence of conditioned seeing as a measureable behavior, which was measured by participants' accuracy in drawing a stimulus, and how this behavior was related to the demonstration of the naming capability. In Experiment 1, participants demonstrated a correlation between drawing responses and speaker…
Descriptors: Naming, Phonemes, Visual Stimuli, Accuracy
Fragale, Christina L.; O'Reilly, Mark F.; Aguilar, Jeannie; Pierce, Nigel; Lang, Russell; Sigafoos, Jeff; Lancioni, Giulio – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2012
We investigated the influence of motivating operations on the generalization of newly taught mands across settings and communication partners for 3 children with autism. Two conditions were implemented prior to generalization probes. In the first condition, participants were given access to a preferred item until they rejected the item (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Children, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Generalization
Palmer, David C. – Behavior Analyst, 2012
The following article by Barba (2012a) addresses Neuringer's proposal that variability is an operant dimension of behavior, that is, that variability can be reinforced, extinguished, and brought under stimulus control, just like any other response property. Barba confines his argument to methodological considerations: He points out that the…
Descriptors: Behavior Disorders, Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Behavior
Barba, Lourenco de Souza – Behavior Analyst, 2012
In his article, the author claimed that studies of operant variability that use a lag-"n" or threshold procedure and measure the obtained variability through the change in U value fail to provide direct evidence that variability is an operant dimension of behavior. To do so, he adopted Catania's (1973) concept of the operant, which takes the…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Experiments, Feedback (Response)